Gwajin kitsen jini (lipid profile): ma'aunin al'ada na cholesterol, HDL, LDL da triglycerides

Lipid profile ɗinku hoto ne na kitsen da ke cikin jininku, kuma ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi mafi bayyana na ganin haɗarin cutar zuciya. Ga yadda za ku karanta kowane layi nasa.

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Amsa a taƙaice

Nawa ne ma'aunin cholesterol (kitsen jini) na al'ada?

Ga yawancin manya, matakan da ake so su ne: jimillar cholesterol ƙasa da 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L), LDL (cholesterol "mara kyau") ƙasa da 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L), HDL (cholesterol "mai kyau") 40 mg/dL ko fiye ga maza da 50 ko fiye ga mata, da triglycerides ƙasa da 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L). Masu ciwon suga ko cutar zuciya yawanci ana ba su matakin LDL da ya fi ƙasa.

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Taswirar ma'auni

Jadawalin ma'aunin al'ada na lipid profile

Matakan da ake so ga manya, daga iyakokin NCEP ATP III da yawancin ɗakunan gwaji ke bugawa har yanzu. Ana nema LDL ya fi ƙasa idan kun riga kuna da cutar zuciya ko ciwon suga.

GwajiAbin da ake so (mg/dL)Abin da ake so (mmol/L)Abin da yake nufi
Jimillar cholesterol (total cholesterol)Ƙasa da 200Ƙasa da 5.2Dukan cholesterol da ke cikin jininku, mai kyau da mara kyau tare.
LDL cholesterolƘasa da 100Ƙasa da 2.6Cholesterol "mara kyau" da ke taruwa a bangon jijiyoyin jini. Idan ya fi ƙasa, ya fi kyau.
HDL cholesterol40+ maza, 50+ mata1.0+ maza, 1.3+ mataCholesterol "mai kyau" da ke mayar da ragowar cholesterol zuwa hanta. 60 ko fiye yana ba da kariya.
TriglyceridesƘasa da 150Ƙasa da 1.7Kitse daga abinci da barasa da jiki ke ajiyewa don kuzari. Yana hawa da sukari, barasa da nauyi.
Non-HDL cholesterolƘasa da 130Ƙasa da 3.4Jimilla a cire HDL: dukan cholesterol da ke iya toshe jijiyoyin jini.
VLDL cholesterol2 zuwa 300.1 zuwa 0.8Yana ɗaukar triglycerides. Yawanci ana lissafa shi a matsayin triglycerides ÷ 5.

Ɗakunan gwaji suna buga ma'auni ɗan daban, kuma takardun sakamako da yawa na Indiya suna nuna VLDL da ratio na jimilla zuwa HDL su ma. Yara da matasa suna amfani da nasu iyakoki, waɗanda suka fi ƙasa.

Lissafa non-HDL, ratio da LDL ɗinku

Shigar da lambobi uku daga lipid profile ɗinku (gwajin kitse a jini). Wannan yana lissafa ƙimomin da likitoci suka fi dubawa, da irin lissafin da ɗakunan gwaji ke amfani da shi.

Non-HDL cholesterol
165 mg/dLMai yawa
Ratio na jimilla zuwa HDL
4.7Kan iyaka
LDL (ƙiyasi)
133 mg/dLKan iyaka
VLDL (ƙiyasi)
32 mg/dLMai yawa

LDL da VLDL a nan lissafi ne (Friedewald formula), ba auna su aka yi ba. Waɗannan iyakoki ne na manya marasa ciwon zuciya ko ciwon suga, waɗanda yawanci suke da maƙasudai ƙasa da haka. Likitanku zai karanta su tare da duk haɗarinku.

Lokacin da cholesterol da triglycerides suka yi yawa

Inda matakin kan iyaka, mai yawa da mai yawa sosai ke farawa, a mg/dL (mmol/L). Likitanku yana karanta su tare da shekarunku, hawan jininku, sukarinku da shan taba.

GwajiKan iyakaMai yawaMai yawa sosai
Jimillar cholesterol200 zuwa 239 (5.2 zuwa 6.1)240+ (6.2+)Yawanci ana auna shi tare da LDL
LDL cholesterol130 zuwa 159 (3.4 zuwa 4.0)160 zuwa 189 (4.1 zuwa 4.8)190+ (4.9+)
Triglycerides150 zuwa 199 (1.7 zuwa 2.2)200 zuwa 499 (2.3 zuwa 5.6)500+ (5.7+)
HDL cholesterolƘaranci: ƙasa da 40 ga maza, ƙasa da 50 ga mata

LDL na 100 zuwa 129 ana kiransa kusa da mafi kyau. LDL na 190 ko fiye sau da yawa yana gudana a cikin iyali (familial hypercholesterolaemia) kuma yana buƙatar likita ya duba.

Me gwajin kitsen jini (lipid profile) ke auna?

Lipid profile (ana kuma kiransa lipid panel, gwajin cholesterol ko gwajin kitsen jini) yana auna kitsen da ke cikin jininku waɗanda ke da muhimmanci ga zuciyarku da jijiyoyin jininku:

  • Jimillar cholesterol (total cholesterol): dukansa tare
  • LDL cholesterol: nau'in "mara kyau" da ke taruwa a cikin bangon jijiyoyin jini a matsayin dattin kitse (plaque)
  • HDL cholesterol: nau'in "mai kyau" da ke mayar da ragowar cholesterol zuwa hanta
  • Triglycerides: kitse daga abinci da barasa da jiki ke ajiyewa don kuzari
  • Sau da yawa VLDL, non-HDL cholesterol da ratio na jimilla zuwa HDL, waɗanda ake lissafawa daga sauran

Cholesterol ba mummunan abu ba ne a kansa: jikinku yana buƙatarsa don ƙwayoyin jiki da sinadaran hormone. Matsalar ita ce LDL mai yawa na dogon lokaci, wanda ke matse jijiyoyin jini kuma ya ƙara damar bugun zuciya (heart attack) da shanyewar ɓarin jiki (stroke). Wannan haɗarin yana taruwa a ɓoye tsawon shekaru, shi ya sa gwajin yake da muhimmanci ko da kuna jin lafiya.

Mene ne LDL, HDL da VLDL a kalmomi masu sauƙi?

LDL (cholesterol "mara kyau") ita ce lambar da likitoci suka fi lura da ita. Idan LDL ɗinku ya fi ƙasa, haɗarinku ya fi ƙasa, kuma ga yawancin mutane babu matakin da ya "yi ƙasa da yawa". Idan kun riga kuna da cutar zuciya, ciwon suga ko wasu manyan abubuwan haɗari, likitoci yawanci suna nema ya kasance ƙasa da 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L), kuma wasu ƙa'idoji suna zuwa ƙasa da 55 ga masu haɗari mafi girma.

HDL (cholesterol "mai kyau") yana taimakawa wajen share cholesterol daga jijiyoyin jini. HDL mai ƙaranci (ƙasa da 40 ga maza, ƙasa da 50 ga mata) yana ƙara haɗari kuma sau da yawa yana tafiya tare da yawan triglycerides, ƙiba, shan taba ko rashin motsa jiki. Ba a tabbatar cewa ɗaga HDL da ƙwayoyin magani yana kare zuciya ba; amma canje-canjen rayuwa da ke ɗaga shi suna taimakawa.

VLDL yana ɗaukar triglycerides. Ɗakunan gwaji yawanci suna lissafa shi a matsayin triglycerides a raba da 5 (a mg/dL), don haka VLDL mai yawa galibi yana nufin triglycerides sun yi yawa.

Non-HDL cholesterol (jimilla a cire HDL) yana haɗa kowane irin cholesterol da ke iya toshe jijiyoyin jini. Yana da amfani musamman idan triglycerides sun yi yawa ko ba a yi azumi kafin gwajin ba.

Yawan cholesterol yana jawo alamu?

Kusan ba ya jawo. Yawan cholesterol ba ya ciwo kuma yawanci ba ya nuna wata alama sam har sai ya matse jijiyar jini sosai har ya jawo ciwon ƙirji, bugun zuciya ko shanyewar ɓarin jiki. Shi ya sa gwajin jini ne kaɗai hanyar sani.

Alamun da ake iya gani ba kasafai ba, galibi ga mutanen da suka gaji cholesterol mai yawa sosai, su ne ɗigon kitse masu ruwan rawaya a fatar ido (xanthelasma) ko a kan jijiyoyin tsoka (tendons), da zobe mai fari a kewayen ɓangaren ido mai launi kafin shekara 45. Idan kun lura da waɗannan, ku roƙi likitanku ya sa a yi muku lipid profile.

Me yawan cholesterol da triglycerides ke iya nufi?

Yawan LDL ko jimillar cholesterol galibi yana zuwa ne daga haɗakar gado da salon rayuwa: abinci mai yawan kitse mai daskarewa (saturated) da trans fats, ƙiba, ƙarancin motsa jiki da shan taba. Yana kuma iya hawa saboda raunin aikin glandar thyroid, cutar ƙoda, wasu magunguna da ciki. LDL na 190 mg/dL ko fiye, musamman idan akwai tarihin bugun zuciya da wuri a cikin iyali, yana nuna familial hypercholesterolaemia, cutar gado da ke buƙatar magani da kuma gwajin 'yan uwa na kusa.

Yawan triglycerides yawanci yana tafiya tare da ƙiba, ciwon suga na type 2 ko hawan sukarin jini, shan barasa akai-akai, abubuwan sha masu zaƙi da sitaci da aka tace, raunin aikin thyroid ko cutar ƙoda. Triglycerides masu yawa sosai, 500 mg/dL ko fiye, suna ƙara haɗarin pancreatitis, kumburi mai zafi na pancreas, kuma suna buƙatar magani da wuri.

Likitoci ba sa auna cholesterol shi kaɗai. Suna haɗa shi da shekarunku, hawan jininku, sukarin jininku, shan taba da tarihin iyali don ƙiyasta haɗarinku na shekaru 10, kuma daga nan suke yanke shawarar magani.

Kuna buƙatar azumi kafin gwajin kitsen jini?

  • Ɗan samfurin jini ne daga jijiya, ko wani lokaci gwajin soka yatsa.
  • Azumi: ƙa'idoji da yawa yanzu suna karɓar gwaji ba tare da azumi ba don duba lafiya na yau da kullum. Likitanku ko ɗakin gwaji na iya neman ku yi azumi na awa 9 zuwa 12 (ruwa ba matsala), musamman idan triglycerides ɗinku sun taɓa yin yawa a baya ko za a yi wasu gwaje-gwajen azumi a lokaci guda.
  • Ku guji barasa na awa 24 da abinci mai nauyi da kitse fiye da yadda aka saba a daren da ya gabata.
  • Ku sha magungunanku na yau da kullum sai dai idan an ce kada ku sha, kuma ku gaya wa ɗakin gwaji game da su.
  • Rashin lafiya na kwanan nan, tiyata ko babban canji a nauyi na iya canza sakamako na 'yan makonni.

Sau nawa ya kamata a duba cholesterol?

  • Manya masu lafiya: kowace shekara 4 zuwa 6 daga kusan shekara 20, fiye da haka idan akwai abubuwan haɗari.
  • Ciwon suga, hawan jini, shan taba, tarihin cutar zuciya da wuri a iyali, ko ƙiba: yawanci kowace shekara ko kamar yadda likitanku ya ba da shawara.
  • Yara: sau ɗaya tsakanin shekara 9 zuwa 11, kuma sake tsakanin shekara 17 zuwa 21, kafin haka idan yawan cholesterol yana gudana a cikin iyali.
  • Bayan fara ko canza maganin cholesterol: kusan mako 4 zuwa 12 bayan haka, sannan kowane wata 3 zuwa 12.

Idan cholesterol ɗinku ya yi yawa, me ke taimakawa?

  • Ku ƙara cin fiber mai narkewa (soluble fibre): oats, sha'ir, wake, lentils, tuffa da psyllium suna taimakawa wajen rage LDL.
  • Ku canza kitse mai daskarewa da mai mara daskarewa: ku rage bota, man shanu, jan nama mai kitse da kayan madara masu cikakken kitse; ku ƙara man zaitun, man mustard ko man gyaɗa, gyaɗa da sauran ƙwayoyi, iri da kifi.
  • Ku rage trans fats da sitaci da aka tace: soyayyun kayan ciye-ciye, kayan gidan burodi, alawa, farin burodi da abubuwan sha masu zaƙi suna ɗaga LDL da triglycerides.
  • Ku motsa jiki a yawancin kwanaki: kusan mintuna 150 a mako na motsa jiki da sauri yana rage triglycerides kuma ya ɗaga HDL.
  • Ku rage ɗan nauyi idan kuna da ƙiba, ku daina shan taba, kuma ku rage barasa, wadda ke ɗaga triglycerides.
  • Magungunan cholesterol shawarar likitanku ce. Statins da sauran magunguna suna hana bugun zuciya da shanyewar ɓarin jiki ga mutane da yawa. Kada ku taɓa farawa, dainawa ko canza su da kanku, kuma ku gaya wa likitanku game da kowane ciwon tsoka ko wata illa.

Lokacin ganin likita

Ku tsara ganin likita

  • LDL ɗinku ya kai 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) ko fiye, ko jimillar cholesterol ɗinku ta kai 300 ko fiye: ku ga likitan gama-gari cikin mako 2, kuma ku tambaya ko ya kamata 'yan uwanku na kusa su yi gwaji.
  • Triglycerides ɗinku sun kai 500 mg/dL (5.7 mmol/L) ko fiye: ku ga likita cikin mako ɗaya, domin hakan yana ƙara haɗarin pancreatitis.
  • Cholesterol ɗinku ya yi yawa kuma kuna da ciwon suga, hawan jini, cutar zuciya ko kuna shan taba: ku ga likitan gama-gari ko likitan zuciya (cardiologist) cikin mako 2 zuwa 4 don tsara magani.
  • Sakamakonku yana kan iyaka kuma ba ku da wasu abubuwan haɗari: ku tattauna su da likitanku a ziyarar yau da kullum cikin wata 1 zuwa 3 masu zuwa.

Ku nemi taimakon gaggawa yanzu (ku kira lambar gaggawa ta yankinku) idan wani yana da:

  • ciwon ƙirji ko matsi a ƙirji, musamman idan yana yaɗuwa zuwa hannu, wuya, muƙamuƙi ko baya, tare da zufa, tashin zuciya ko sarƙewar numfashi
  • fuska ta karkace farat ɗaya, raunin hannu ko ƙafa, ko wahalar magana (alamun shanyewar ɓarin jiki, stroke)
  • ciwo mai tsanani a saman ciki da ke yaɗuwa zuwa baya, tare da amai, musamman idan triglycerides sun yi yawa sosai

Lambar cholesterol ita kaɗai ba gaggawa ba ce. Waɗannan alamun kuwa gaggawa ne.

Kuna da sakamakon lipid profile ɗinku? Ku fahimci kowane layi.

Saluvo yana karanta dukan takardar sakamakonku cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, a harshenku: jimilla, LDL, HDL, VLDL, triglycerides da ratios, waɗanne ƙima ne suka fita daga ma'auni, da abin da za ku tambayi likitanku.

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Farawa kyauta ne. Ƙara hoto ko PDF na sakamakon gwajinku; samfuran AI biyu suna karanta kowane ma'auni.

Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi

  • Lipid profile gwajin jini ne da ke auna jimillar cholesterol, LDL (cholesterol "mara kyau"), HDL (cholesterol "mai kyau") da triglycerides, kuma sau da yawa VLDL, non-HDL cholesterol da ratio na jimilla zuwa HDL. Yana nuna yawan kitsen da ke cikin jininku kuma yana taimaka wa likitanku ya ƙiyasta haɗarinku na bugun zuciya da shanyewar ɓarin jiki.

  • Ga yawancin manya, jimillar cholesterol da ake so tana ƙasa da 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L), LDL ƙasa da 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L), HDL 40 ko fiye ga maza da 50 ko fiye ga mata, da triglycerides ƙasa da 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L). Masu ciwon suga ko cutar zuciya yawanci suna da matakin LDL da ake nema da ya fi ƙasa.

  • LDL yana kai cholesterol cikin bangon jijiyoyin jini, inda zai iya taruwa a matsayin dattin kitse (plaque), don haka ake kiransa cholesterol "mara kyau", kuma idan ya fi ƙasa ya fi kyau. HDL yana ɗauke ragowar cholesterol daga jijiyoyin jini ya mayar da shi hanta, don haka ake kiransa cholesterol "mai kyau". LDL mai yawa tare da HDL mai ƙaranci su ne suka fi ƙara haɗarin cutar zuciya.

  • Yawan LDL yana nufin akwai ƙarin cholesterol da zai iya taruwa a jijiyoyin jininku, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin bugun zuciya da shanyewar ɓarin jiki a dogon lokaci. 130 zuwa 159 mg/dL yana kan iyaka, 160 zuwa 189 mai yawa ne, 190 ko fiye kuma mai yawa sosai ne. Likitanku yana auna shi tare da hawan jininku, sukarinku, shan taba da tarihin iyalinku.

  • HDL ƙasa da 40 mg/dL ga maza ko ƙasa da 50 ga mata ya yi ƙasa kuma yana ƙara haɗarin cutar zuciya. Sau da yawa yana tafiya tare da yawan triglycerides, ƙiba, shan taba, ƙarancin motsa jiki ko ciwon suga na type 2. Motsa jiki akai-akai, rage ƙiba, daina shan taba da maye gurbin sitaci da aka tace da kitse masu lafiya na iya ɗaga shi.

  • VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) yana ɗaukar triglycerides a cikin jini. Yawancin ɗakunan gwaji suna lissafa shi a matsayin triglycerides a raba da 5 (a mg/dL), kuma ma'aunin da aka saba yana kusan 2 zuwa 30 mg/dL. VLDL mai yawa yawanci yana nufin triglycerides sun yi yawa, waɗanda ke amsa da kyau ga rage sukari da barasa, ƙarin motsa jiki da rage nauyi.

  • Yawan cholesterol yawanci ba shi da alamu. Yana matse jijiyoyin jini a hankali har sai ya jawo ciwon ƙirji, bugun zuciya ko shanyewar ɓarin jiki. Ba kasafai ba, cholesterol mai yawa sosai da aka gada yana jawo ɗigon kitse masu ruwan rawaya a fatar ido ko a jijiyoyin tsoka, ko zobe mai fari a kewayen ɓangaren ido mai launi kafin shekara 45. Gwajin jini ne kaɗai hanya amintacciya ta sani.

  • Ba koyaushe ba. Ƙa'idoji da yawa suna karɓar gwaji ba tare da azumi ba don duba lafiya na yau da kullum. Likitanku ko ɗakin gwaji na iya neman ku yi azumi na awa 9 zuwa 12, kuna shan ruwa kawai, musamman idan triglycerides ɗinku sun taɓa yin yawa a baya. Ko ta yaya, ku guji barasa na awa 24 da abinci mai nauyi sosai a daren da ya gabata.

  • Triglycerides na 500 mg/dL (5.7 mmol/L) ko fiye sun yi yawa sosai kuma suna ƙara haɗarin pancreatitis, kumburi mai zafi da wani lokaci mai tsanani; ku ga likita cikin mako ɗaya. Sama da 1,000 mg/dL haɗarin ya ƙara girma. Ku nemi taimakon gaggawa idan akwai ciwo mai tsanani a saman ciki da ke yaɗuwa zuwa baya tare da amai.

  • Ratio na jimillar cholesterol zuwa HDL shi ne jimillar cholesterol ɗinku a raba da HDL ɗinku. Ƙasa da 5 gabaɗaya abin karɓa ne, ƙasa da 3.5 kuma shi ne mafi kyau. Ratio mai ƙaranci yana nufin yawancin cholesterol ɗinku nau'in mai kare jiki ne. Likitoci yanzu sun fi duba LDL da non-HDL cholesterol fiye da ratio, amma takardun sakamako da yawa har yanzu suna buga shi.

  • Ku ƙara cin fiber mai narkewa (oats, wake, lentils, 'ya'yan itace), ku canza bota, man shanu da nama mai kitse da man girki na tsirrai, gyaɗa da sauran ƙwayoyi da kifi, ku rage soyayyun abinci, alawa da abubuwan sha masu zaƙi, ku motsa jiki kusan mintuna 150 a mako, ku rage ƙiba, ku daina shan taba kuma ku rage barasa. Waɗannan na iya rage LDL a fili, amma wasu mutane har yanzu suna buƙatar maganin da likitansu ya rubuta.

  • E. Abinci, nauyi da rashin motsa jiki na iya ɗaga shi a kowane shekaru, kuma familial hypercholesterolaemia yana jawo LDL mai yawa sosai tun daga ƙuruciya. Shi ya sa ake duba yara sau ɗaya tsakanin shekara 9 zuwa 11, kuma kafin haka idan ɗaya daga cikin iyayensu yana da cholesterol mai yawa sosai ko ya yi bugun zuciya yana ƙarami. Gano shi da wuri yana kawo babban bambanci.

  • Manya masu lafiya ya kamata su duba kowace shekara 4 zuwa 6 daga kusan shekara 20. Idan akwai ciwon suga, hawan jini, shan taba, ƙiba ko tarihin cutar zuciya da wuri a iyali, yawanci kowace shekara. Bayan fara ko canza maganin cholesterol, kusan mako 4 zuwa 12 bayan haka, sannan kowane wata 3 zuwa 12.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka bayyana

Bulogi

Majiyoyi

  1. MedlinePlus: Cholesterol levels
  2. NHLBI (NIH): Blood cholesterol
  3. CDC: About cholesterol
  4. American Heart Association: What your cholesterol levels mean
  5. NHS: High cholesterol
  6. Grundy SM et al. 2018 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. Circulation 2019
  7. Mach F et al. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 2020

An sabunta . Bayanin lafiya ne, ba shawarar likita ba. Likitanku ya san cikakken halinku; ku tambaye shi game da sakamakonku.