Alamomin cutar thyroid: alamomi a mata da maza, da lokacin yin gwaji

Kuna jin gajiya da sanyi, ko zafi da saurin bugun zuciya? Ga yadda ƙarancin aikin thyroid da yawan aikinsa sukan ji a jiki, da gwajin jini guda ɗaya da ke bambance su.

An sabunta · Majiyoyi

Amsa a taƙaice

Mene ne alamomin cutar thyroid?

Ƙarancin aikin thyroid (hypothyroidism) yana rage saurin ayyukan jiki: gajiya, jin sanyi, ƙaruwar nauyi, ƙullewar ciki, bushewar fata, ɓacin rai da yawan jinin al'ada. Yawan aikin thyroid (hyperthyroidism) yana ƙara musu sauri: ramewa, saurin bugun zuciya, jin zafi da yawan gumi, rawar hannu, fargaba da rashin barci. Gwajin jini na TSH yana nuna wanne ne, idan akwai ɗaya: a yawancin manya, TSH sama da kusan 4.0 mIU/L yana nuna ƙarancin aikin thyroid, ƙasa da kusan 0.4 kuma yana nuna yawan aikinsa.

Tambaya game da alamominaBayyana min sakamakon gwajina

Bayanin lafiya ne, ba shawarar likita ba. Likitanku ya san cikakken halinku; ku tambaye shi game da sakamakonku.

Gefe da gefe

Ƙarancin aikin thyroid da yawan aikinsa: alamomi gefe da gefe

Yawancin mutane suna da wasu daga cikin waɗannan, ba duka ba, kuma sukan zo a hankali cikin watanni. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna da wasu dalilai ma, shi ya sa gwajin jini ne ke yanke hukunci.

Abin da kuke lura da shiƘarancin aiki (hypothyroidism)Yawan aiki (hyperthyroidism)
KuzariGajiya, jinkiri, yawan barci, gaɓoɓi masu nauyiRashin natsuwa da gajiya a lokaci guda, ba a iya hutawa
Nauyin jikiƘaruwa ba tare da ƙara cin abinci baRamewa duk da cin abinci kamar yadda aka saba ko fiye
Zafi da sanyin jikiKullum jin sanyi alhali wasu ba sa jiZafi da gumi, ba a iya jure zafi
ZuciyaBugun zuciya a hankaliBugun zuciya mai sauri, mai ƙarfi ko marar tsari
CikiƘullewar ciki (maƙarƙashiya)Yawan zuwa bayan gida ko kashi mai ruwa-ruwa
Fata da gashiBusasshiyar fata mai ƙaushi; gashi mai tauri da ke raguwa; kumburin fuskaFata mai ɗumi da laima; gashi siriri da ke zubewa
Tunani da yanayin raiƁacin rai, mantuwa, jinkirin tunaniFargaba, saurin fushi, tsoro, rashin barci
Jinin al'adaYa fi yawa ko yana zuwa akai-akaiYa ragu ko ba ya yawan zuwa
TsokaCiwo, ƙanƙarewa, sandarewaRaunin cinyoyi da hannaye na sama, rawar hannu
Idanu da wuyaKumburin idanu; ana iya samun kumburi a wuya (maƙoƙo, goitre)Idanu masu jin kamar yashi, kallo kafe ko fitowar ido (cutar Graves); ana iya samun maƙoƙo (goitre)

Dushewar murya, jinkirin magana da jin tsinke-tsinke kamar allura a hannaye (carpal tunnel) suma ruwan dare ne a ƙarancin aikin thyroid. Tsofaffi masu yawan aikin thyroid wani lokaci ba sa lura da komai sai ramewa, gajiya ko bugun zuciya marar tsari.

Jerin alamomin thyroid

Ku zaɓi abin da kuka ji tsawon makonni da dama. Katin zai nuna ɓangaren da alamominku suka fi karkata. Ba a ajiye ko aika komai ko'ina.

Jerin alamomin thyroid

Alamomi 0 cikin 16 an zaɓa

Tsarin ƙarancin aiki0/8
Tsarin yawan aiki0/8

Ku zaɓi duk alamun da kuka ji tsawon 'yan makonni ko fiye.

Jagorar gwajin TSH Tambaya game da alamomina

Wannan jerin yana tsara alamomi zuwa wani tsari don likitanku. Ba zai iya gano cutar thyroid ba, kuma jikin da ke jin lafiya yana iya samun ta.

Mene ne aikin glandar thyroid?

Thyroid wata ƙaramar gland ce mai siffar malam buɗe-mana a gaban wuya, ƙasa da ƙullin maƙogwaro (Adam's apple). Tana samar da sinadaran hormone guda biyu, T4 da T3, waɗanda ke saita saurin kusan komai: yadda jiki ke ƙona kuzari, bugun zuciya, zafin jiki, narkewar abinci, jinin al'ada, yanayin rai da yadda fata da gashi ke girma.

Glandar tana karɓar umarni daga TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), wanda glandar pituitary da ke cikin ƙwaƙwalwa ke fitarwa. Idan hormone na thyroid ya ragu, TSH yana hawa don ya ƙara tura thyroid ta yi aiki; idan ya yi yawa, TSH yana sauka. Shi ya sa TSH ne gwajin jini na farko da likitoci ke amfani da shi.

Matsalolin thyroid ruwan dare ne, musamman a mata: ƙungiyar American Thyroid Association ta ce mata sun fi maza samun su sau biyar zuwa takwas, kuma kusan mace ɗaya cikin takwas za ta kamu da cutar thyroid a rayuwarta. A wani bincike a birane takwas na Indiya, kusan babba ɗaya cikin goma yana da ƙarancin aikin thyroid, da yawa ba tare da sun sani ba.

Mene ne alamomin ƙarancin aikin thyroid (hypothyroidism)?

Idan thyroid ta samar da hormone kaɗan, ayyukan jiki suna yin sanyi. Alamomi sukan zo a hankali sosai har mutane su ɗauka tsufa ne, damuwa ko yawan hidima.

Alamomin da aka fi gani: gajiya, jin sanyi, ƙaruwar nauyi, ƙullewar ciki, bushewar fata, gashi mai tauri ko mai raguwa, kumburin fuska, ciwon tsoka, ɓacin rai, mantuwa, yawan jinin al'ada da dushewar murya. Wasu mutane ba su da wata alama kwata-kwata, sai dai a gano ta a gwajin jini na yau da kullum.

Dalilan da aka fi samu:

  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis, inda garkuwar jiki ke lalata thyroid a hankali. Shi ne dalili mafi yawa a inda abinci ke da isasshen iodine, kuma yana gudana a cikin iyali.
  • Ƙarancin iodine, wanda har yanzu shi ne dalili mafi yawa a duniya. Gishiri mai iodine ya sa ya yi ƙaranci sosai.
  • Maganin thyroid ko tiyata, kamar radioactive iodine don yawan aikin thyroid.
  • Wasu magunguna, ciki har da lithium da amiodarone.
  • Bayan haihuwa (postpartum thyroiditis), wanda sau da yawa na ɗan lokaci ne.

Magani yawanci ƙwayar hormone na thyroid ce ta kowace rana (levothyroxine); likitanku ne zai saita adadin kuma ya duba shi ta gwajin TSH. Yawancin mutane sukan sake jin daɗi da zarar matakin ya daidaita.

Mene ne alamomin yawan aikin thyroid (hyperthyroidism)?

Idan thyroid ta samar da hormone da yawa, jiki yana tafiya da sauri. Yana iya zama kamar jikinku yana cikin zaƙuwa kullum.

Alamomin da aka fi gani: ramewa duk da kyakkyawar sha'awar abinci, bugun zuciya mai sauri ko marar tsari, jin bugun zuciya (palpitations), jin zafi da gumi, rawar hannu, fargaba, saurin fushi, rashin barci, yawan zuwa bayan gida, raunin tsoka da raguwar jinin al'ada. A cutar Graves (Graves' disease), idanu na iya jin kamar akwai yashi, su yi kallo kafe ko su fito waje.

Dalilan da aka fi samu:

  • Cutar Graves, cutar garkuwar jiki kuma dalili mafi yawa.
  • Ƙulle-ƙullen thyroid (thyroid nodules) waɗanda ke samar da ƙarin hormone da kansu.
  • Thyroiditis (kumburin thyroid), ciki har da bayan haihuwa, wanda zai iya kawo ɗan lokaci na yawan aiki sannan ƙarancin aiki ya biyo baya.
  • Shan maganin hormone na thyroid fiye da kima.

Yawan aikin thyroid da ba a yi masa magani ba yana wahalar da zuciya (ciki har da atrial fibrillation, bugun zuciya marar tsari) kuma yana raunana ƙashi a hankali, don haka yana da kyau a yi masa magani. Zaɓuɓɓukan su ne magungunan da ke kwantar da thyroid, radioactive iodine ko tiyata; likitanku (sau da yawa ƙwararren likitan hormone, endocrinologist) zai bayyana wanda ya dace.

Mene ne alamomin thyroid a mata?

Mata sun fi samun matsalolin thyroid sosai, kuma wasu alamomi suna bayyana ta hanyoyin da ke da sauƙin rasa gani:

  • Jinin al'ada: jini mai yawa ko mai zuwa akai-akai a ƙarancin aikin thyroid; jini kaɗan ko mai jinkirin zuwa a yawan aikinsa.
  • Haihuwa: duka biyun na iya sa ɗaukar ciki ya yi wuya. Likitoci sukan duba TSH idan jinin al'ada ba ya zuwa a kan lokaci ko ciki yana jinkiri.
  • Ciki: jariri yana dogara da hormone na thyroid na uwa a farkon ciki, don haka matsalar thyroid da ba a yi wa magani ba ta fi muhimmanci lokacin ciki. Idan kina da cutar thyroid, ko alamominta, ki gaya wa likitanki ko ungozoma da zarar kin ɗauki ciki ko kina shirin ɗauka.
  • Bayan haihuwa: postpartum thyroiditis yana shafar kusan 5 zuwa 10% na mata a shekarar farko bayan haihuwa. Sau da yawa ana ɗauka gajiya ce da ɓacin rai na sabuwar uwa.
  • Daina al'ada (menopause): zafin jiki da ke zuwa farat ɗaya, rashin barci, ɓacin rai da canjin nauyi suna kama da alamomin thyroid, don haka gwajin TSH yana taimakawa wajen bambance su.
  • PCOS: rashin tsarin jinin al'ada, ƙaruwar nauyi da canjin gashi na iya fitowa daga ko wanne, kuma wani lokaci suna faruwa tare.

Me kumburi ko ƙari a wuya ke iya nufi?

Girman glandar thyroid ana kiransa maƙoƙo (goitre). Yana iya faruwa da ƙarancin aiki, yawan aiki ko thyroid mai aiki daidai, kuma sau da yawa ba ya ciwo. Ƙullin thyroid (thyroid nodule) ƙari ne a cikin glandar.

Ƙulle-ƙulle ruwan dare ne sosai, musamman da tsufa, kuma fiye da 90% ba ciwon daji ba ne (benign), a cewar American Thyroid Association. Duk da haka, kowane sabon ƙari a wuya ya kamata a duba shi. Matakan farko da aka saba su ne gwajin TSH da hoton ultrasound na wuya; wasu ƙulle-ƙulle sai a ɗauki samfuri da ƙaramar allura (fine-needle).

Ku ga likita da wuri idan ƙari yana girma da sauri, yana da tauri, ko yana tare da dushewar murya, wahalar haɗiye ko wahalar numfashi.

Wane gwaji ke tabbatar da matsalar thyroid?

Alamomi suna nuna hanya, amma gwajin jini ne ke yanke hukunci:

  • TSH shi ne gwaji na farko. Yana hawa idan thyroid ba ta aiki sosai, kuma yana sauka idan tana aiki fiye da kima. A yawancin manya, ma'aunin lafiya kusan 0.4 zuwa 4.0 mIU/L ne. Ku duba jagorar gwajin TSH don ma'anar kowane sakamako.
  • Free T4 (wani lokaci da T3) yana nuna yawan hormone na thyroid da ke cikin jini a zahiri.
  • Thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO don Hashimoto's, TRAb don Graves') suna nuna ko garkuwar jiki ce sanadi.
  • Hoton ultrasound yana duba glandar idan akwai kumburi ko ƙari.

Wasu abubuwa na iya ɓata sakamako: ƙarin sinadarin biotin (wanda galibi ke cikin kayayyakin gashi da ƙusa) na iya sa gwajin thyroid ya ba da sakamakon da ba daidai ba, don haka ku gaya wa ɗakin gwaji idan kuna sha. Rashin lafiya na kwanan nan, ciki da wasu magunguna su ma suna canza TSH.

Me za ku yi a gaba?

  • Ku yi gwaji kafin magani. Kada ku fara shan ƙwayoyin thyroid, iodine, kelp ko ƙarin sinadarai na “taimakon thyroid” da kanku. Iodine mai yawa na iya ƙara tsananta wasu matsalolin thyroid, kuma ƙarin sinadarai na iya ɓoye ainihin halin da ake ciki.
  • Ku rubuta alamominku, tare da lokacin da suka fara, kuma ku kai jerin (ko jerin alamomin da ke sama) wurin ganin likita.
  • Idan kun riga kuna shan magani kuma alamomi suka dawo, ku nemi a sake gwada TSH ɗinku; ana iya buƙatar daidaita adadin. Ku tambayi mai harhaɗa magunguna (pharmacist) yadda za ku sha ƙwayoyin thyroid tare da abinci da sauran magunguna.
  • Ku yi amfani da gishiri mai iodine daidai gwargwado. Abinci kamar kabeji, broccoli da waken soya ba laifi ba ne a cikin abinci na yau da kullum.
  • Ku kula da zuciya da ƙashi idan kuna da yawan aikin thyroid: magani yana kare duka biyun.

Lokacin ganin likita

Ku tsara ganin likita

  • Alamomi da dama daga ɓangare ɗaya tsawon 'yan makonni ko fiye: ku ga likitan iyali (GP) cikin makonni biyu zuwa huɗu masu zuwa, ku tambaye shi gwajin TSH.
  • Sabon kumburi ko ƙari a wuya: ku ga likitan iyali (GP) cikin makonni biyu; da wuri fiye da haka idan yana girma da sauri.
  • Mai ciki ko mai shirin ɗaukar ciki, tare da alamomin thyroid ko tsohuwar matsalar thyroid: ki gaya wa likita ko ungozoma a wannan makon.
  • Kuna shan maganin thyroid tuni kuma alamomi suna dawowa: ku ga likitanku cikin 'yan makonni masu zuwa don sake gwajin TSH.
  • Idanu masu jin kamar yashi, masu ciwo ko masu fitowa waje, ko ganin abu biyu: ku ga likitan iyali (GP) cikin mako ɗaya; kuna iya buƙatar ƙwararren likitan ido.

Ku nemi taimakon gaggawa yanzu (ku kira lambar gaggawa ta yankinku) idan mutum yana da:

  • bugun zuciya mai sauri sosai ko marar tsari tare da ciwon ƙirji, ƙarancin numfashi ko suma
  • zazzaɓi mai zafi tare da ruɗewa, tashin hankali, amai ko gudawa, a cikin mai yawan aikin thyroid (wata gaggawa da ba kasafai ake gani ba mai suna thyroid storm)
  • matsanancin bacci-bacci, ruɗewa, sanyin jiki sosai ko jinkirin numfashi, a cikin mai ƙarancin aikin thyroid
  • kumburi a wuya da ke sa numfashi ko haɗiye ya yi wuya
  • ɓacewar gani ko dushewarsa farat ɗaya, ko launuka suna bayyana kamar sun dushe, tare da cutar idon thyroid

Yawancin matsalolin thyroid suna tafiya a hankali kuma ana iya magance su sosai. Waɗannan alamomi su ne keɓaɓɓu da ba za su iya jira ba.

Ba ku tabbatar da ma'anar alamominku ba? Ku tattauna su.

Saluvo tana sauraron yadda kuke ji, da kalmominku da harshenku, tana yin tambayoyin da suka dace, kuma tana gaya muku wane likita za ku gani da kuma yaushe. Kuna da sakamakon gwajin thyroid tuni? Tana bayyana kowane ma'auni.

Tambaya game da alamomina

Farawa kyauta ne. Ku bayyana abin da kuke ji da kalmominku da harshenku.

Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi

  • A ƙarancin aikin thyroid, alamomin farko yawanci gajiya ne, jin sanyi, ƙaruwar nauyi a hankali, ƙullewar ciki da bushewar fata, waɗanda ke shigowa a hankali cikin watanni. A yawan aikin thyroid, galibi bugun zuciya mai sauri ne, ramewa, jin zafi, rawar hannu da rashin barci. Alamomin farko suna da sauƙin ɗora wa damuwa ko tsufa, shi ya sa yana da kyau a nemi gwajin jini na TSH idan da dama daga cikinsu sun daɗe na makonni.

  • Mata suna da manyan alamomi iri ɗaya, gajiya, canjin nauyi, jin sanyi ko zafi, canjin yanayin rai da canjin gashi ko fata, tare da canje-canje a jinin al'ada: ya fi yawa a ƙarancin aikin thyroid, ya fi kaɗan a yawan aikinsa. Matsalolin thyroid kuma na iya sa ɗaukar ciki ya yi wuya, kuma suna iya farawa bayan haihuwa. Mata sun fi maza samun matsalar thyroid sau biyar zuwa takwas.

  • Hypothyroidism na nufin thyroid tana samar da hormone kaɗan, don haka jiki yana tafiya a hankali: gajiya, sanyi, ƙaruwar nauyi, ƙullewar ciki. Hyperthyroidism na nufin tana samar da yawa, don haka jiki yana sauri: ramewa, saurin bugun zuciya, zafi, fargaba. A gwajin jini, TSH yana sama a hypothyroidism kuma yana ƙasa a hyperthyroidism. Suna da dalilai daban-daban da magunguna daban-daban.

  • Eh. Ƙarancin aikin thyroid yana rage saurin metabolism (sarrafa kuzari a jiki), sau da yawa yana kawo ɗan ƙaruwar nauyi, mafi yawansa ruwa. Yawanci ba shi kaɗai ne dalilin babban ƙaruwar nauyi ba, kuma magani yana rage wani ɓangare. Yawan aikin thyroid yana yin akasin haka kuma sau da yawa yana kawo ramewa duk da kyakkyawar sha'awar abinci. Gwajin TSH dubawa ce mai hankali idan nauyinku ya canza ba tare da dalili bayyananne ba.

  • Eh, duka biyun. Ƙarancin aikin thyroid yakan sa gashi ya yi tauri, ya bushe kuma ya yi siriri, wani lokaci har da ɓangaren waje na gira. Yawan aikin thyroid na iya sa gashi ya yi laushi-siriri kuma ya ƙara zubewa. Gashi yawanci yana dawowa 'yan watanni bayan an daidaita matakin thyroid da magani. Zubewar gashi tana da wasu dalilai da yawa ma, ciki har da ƙarancin sinadarin iron, don haka likitoci sukan duba ferritin ma.

  • Eh. Yawan aikin thyroid yakan kawo fargaba, tsoro, saurin fushi, rashin barci da bugun zuciya mai sauri ko mai ƙarfi. Shi ya sa likitoci ke duba TSH idan mutum ya fara samun sabuwar fargaba ko palpitations. Idan palpitations sun zo tare da ciwon ƙirji, ƙarancin numfashi ko suma, ku nemi taimakon gaggawa. Ƙarancin aikin thyroid ya fi alaƙa da ɓacin rai da jinkirin tunani.

  • TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) shi ne gwaji na farko. A yawancin manya, TSH na lafiya kusan 0.4 zuwa 4.0 mIU/L ne: sama da haka yana nuna ƙarancin aikin thyroid, ƙasa da haka yana nuna yawan aikinsa. Likitoci sukan ƙara free T4, wani lokaci da T3 da thyroid antibodies, don tabbatar da sanadin. Yawanci ba sai kun yi azumi ba kafin gwajin thyroid.

  • Ya danganta da sanadin. Ƙarancin aikin thyroid daga Hashimoto's yawanci na rayuwa ne, amma ƙwaya ta kowace rana tana sarrafa shi sosai. Yawan aikin thyroid wani lokaci yana iya kwanciya da magani, kuma radioactive iodine ko tiyata na iya kawo ƙarshensa, ko da yake mutane sukan buƙaci ƙwayoyin thyroid daga baya. Thyroiditis bayan haihuwa sau da yawa na ɗan lokaci ne. Likitanku zai bayyana abin da ake tsammani a gare ku.

  • A farkon ciki, jariri yana dogara da hormone na thyroid na uwa don girman ƙwaƙwalwarsa, kuma matsalar thyroid da ba a yi wa magani ba tana ƙara haɗarin matsaloli. Idan kina da cutar thyroid, ki gaya wa likitanki ko ungozoma da zarar kin ɗauki ciki, domin sau da yawa ana buƙatar daidaita magani. Matsalolin thyroid kuma na iya farawa bayan haihuwa, a kusan 5 zuwa 10% na mata.

  • Yawanci ba haka ba ne. Ƙulle-ƙullen thyroid (nodules) ruwan dare ne sosai, kuma fiye da 90% ba ciwon daji ba ne. Amma kowane sabon ƙari a wuya ya kamata likita ya duba shi cikin makonni biyu, yawanci da gwajin TSH da hoton ultrasound. Ku ga likita da wuri idan yana girma da sauri, yana da tauri, ko yana tare da dushewar murya ko wahalar haɗiye ko numfashi.

  • Sanadi mafi yawa na ƙarancin aikin thyroid shi ne Hashimoto's thyroiditis, cutar garkuwar jiki, kuma a duniya baki ɗaya, ƙarancin iodine. Sanadi mafi yawa na yawan aikin thyroid shi ne cutar Graves, ita ma ta garkuwar jiki. Sauran dalilai sun haɗa da ƙulle-ƙullen thyroid, kumburi bayan haihuwa, wasu magunguna, da tiyata ko hasken radiation da aka yi wa thyroid a baya. Matsalolin thyroid suna gudana a cikin iyali kuma sun fi yawa a masu wasu cututtukan garkuwar jiki.

  • Yawancin mutane ba sa buƙatar guje wa kowane abinci. Kabeji, broccoli, farin kabeji (cauliflower) da waken soya ba laifi ba ne a cikin abinci na yau da kullum. Ku yi amfani da gishiri mai iodine daidai gwargwado, kuma kada ku sha ƙarin sinadarin iodine ko kelp sai likitanku ya ba da shawara. Idan kuna shan ƙwayoyin thyroid, ku tambayi mai harhaɗa magunguna game da raba lokacin shan su da calcium, iron da wasu ƙarin sinadarai, waɗanda ke hana jiki karɓar maganin.

  • Eh, ko da yake ƙasa da mata. Maza suna samun alamomi iri ɗaya, kuma suna iya lura da raguwar sha'awar jima'i, matsalar mazakuta, ko raunin tsoka. Saboda ba a cika yi wa maza gwaji ba, matsalolin thyroid na iya daɗewa ba a gano su ba. Duk wanda ke da alamomi da dama tsawon makonni, tarihin cutar a iyali, ko kumburi a wuya ya nemi gwajin TSH.

  • Damuwa ba ita ce ke kawo yawancin cututtukan thyroid kai tsaye ba, amma tana iya shafar cututtukan garkuwar jiki kamar cutar Graves, kuma rashin lafiya mai tsanani na iya canza sakamakon gwajin thyroid na ɗan lokaci. Damuwa da matsalolin thyroid kuma suna da alamomi iri ɗaya, gajiya, rashin barci, fargaba da canjin nauyi, don haka yana da sauƙi a ɗora wa ɗaya laifin ɗayan. Gwajin TSH yana bambance su.

Gwaje-gwajen da ke taimakawa

Bulogi

Majiyoyi

  1. NHS: Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) symptoms
  2. NHS: Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) symptoms
  3. NIDDK: Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
  4. NIDDK: Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
  5. MedlinePlus: Thyroid diseases
  6. American Thyroid Association: General information and press room
  7. American Thyroid Association: Thyroid nodules
  8. American Thyroid Association: Postpartum thyroiditis
  9. Unnikrishnan AG et al. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in adults: an epidemiological study in eight cities of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013

An sabunta . Bayanin lafiya ne, ba shawarar likita ba. Likitanku ya san cikakken halinku; ku tambaye shi game da sakamakonku.