Alamomin cuta
Alamomin cuta, bayani cikin sauƙaƙan kalmomi
Yadda wata cuta ke ji a jiki, yadda za a bambance nau'ikanta, wane gwaji ke tabbatar da ita, da lokacin ganin likita.
Thyroid
Alamomin cutar thyroid: alamomi a mata da maza, da lokacin yin gwaji
Ƙarancin aikin thyroid (hypothyroidism) yana rage saurin ayyukan jiki: gajiya, jin sanyi, ƙaruwar nauyi, ƙullewar ciki, bushewar fata, ɓacin rai da yawan jinin al'ada. Yawan aikin thyroid (hyperthyroidism) yana ƙara musu sauri: ramewa, saurin bugun zuciya, jin zafi da yawan gumi, rawar hannu, fargaba da rashin barci. Gwajin jini na TSH yana nuna wanne ne, idan akwai ɗaya: a yawancin manya, TSH sama da kusan 4.0 mIU/L yana nuna ƙarancin aikin thyroid, ƙasa da kusan 0.4 kuma yana nuna yawan aikinsa.
Karanta jagorar
Vitamin B12
Alamomin ƙarancin vitamin B12: alamu, dalilai da gwaje-gwaje
Ƙarancin vitamin B12 yakan kawo gajiya da ƙarancin numfashi saboda ƙarancin jini (anaemia), kodaddiyar fata ko mai ɗan launin rawaya, harshe mai ja da ciwo da gyambon baki, da alamomin jijiyoyi kamar jin tsinke-tsinke kamar allura, mutuwar jiki (rashin ji) da rashin daidaito, tare da mantuwa ko ɓacin rai. NICE tana ɗaukar jimillar B12 ƙasa da 180 ng/L a matsayin tabbataccen ƙaranci, 180 zuwa 350 kuma a matsayin mai yiwuwa.
Karanta jagorar
Kidney disease
Alamomin ciwon ƙoda: alamomin lalacewar ƙoda, da gwaje-gwajen da ke gano ta
Ciwon ƙoda na farko yawanci ba ya kawo wata alama, shi ya sa gwajin jini da na fitsari ke da muhimmanci. Idan alamomi suka bayyana, sau da yawa a mataki na gaba, sun haɗa da kumburin idon sawu, ƙafafu ko hannaye, gajiya, ƙarancin numfashi, ƙaiƙayin fata, ƙanƙarewar tsoka, rashin sha'awar abinci, tashin zuciya, yawan yin fitsari da dare, da jini ko kumfa a fitsari.
Karanta jagorar
PCOS
Alamomin PCOS: alamu, yadda ake gano ta, da dalilin da ya sa yanzu ake kiranta PMOS
PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome, wato cutar ƙwayayen haihuwa masu ƙulle-ƙulle; an sauya mata suna zuwa PMOS a 2026) yawanci tana kawo jinin al'ada marar tsari, mai jinkirin zuwa ko wanda ya ɗauke, ƙarin gashi a fuska ko jiki, ƙuraje ko fata mai maiko, raguwar gashin kai, ƙaruwar nauyi ko wahalar rage nauyi, tabo masu duhu a fatar wuya ko hammata, da wahalar ɗaukar ciki. Wasu mata suna da alamomi masu sauƙi kawai.
Karanta jagorar
Uric acid and gout
Alamomin yawan uric acid da ciwon gout: alamomin, matakai, da lokacin da ake buƙatar likita
Yawan uric acid sau da yawa ba ya kawo wata alama kwata-kwata. Alamomi suna farawa ne idan ya yi ƙwayoyi (crystals): ciwon gout, wato gaɓa da ke ciwo sosai farat ɗaya, mai zafi, ja da kumburi, sau da yawa babban yatsan ƙafa, yawanci yana farawa cikin dare; duwatsun ƙoda, tare da raɗaɗi mai tsanani a gefe ko ƙasan baya; ko, bayan shekaru, ƙulli masu tauri a ƙarƙashin fata. Gwajin jini ne kaɗai ke nuna matakinku.
Karanta jagorar
Fatty liver
Alamomin kitse a hanta: ma'anar grade 1, 2 da 3, sabon suna MASLD, da abin da ke taimakawa
Kitse a hanta yawanci ba ya kawo wata alama, kuma yawancin mutane suna gano shi ne daga hoto ko gwajin jini da aka yi saboda wani abu daban. Wasu mutane suna jin gajiya sosai ko ɗan ciwo marar ƙarfi ƙarƙashin haƙarƙarin dama. Alamomi kamar fata ko idanu masu launin rawaya, kumburin ciki ko ƙafafu, ƙaiƙayi da saurin samun shuɗin fata (bruising) suna bayyana ne kawai idan hanta ta yi tabo sosai (cirrhosis).
Karanta jagorar
Dengue
Alamomin dengue: alamun farko, alamun gargaɗi da ba za su iya jira ba, da kulawa mai aminci a gida
Dengue yawanci yana farawa kwanaki 4 zuwa 10 bayan cizon sauro, da zazzaɓi mai zafi farat ɗaya, matsanancin ciwon kai, ciwo a bayan idanu, ciwon tsoka, gaɓoɓi da ƙashi, tashin zuciya ko amai, wani lokaci kuma ƙuraje a fata. Alamomin suna ɗaukar kwanaki 2 zuwa 7. Ku lura sosai yayin da zazzaɓin ke sauka: ciwon ciki mai tsanani, amai akai-akai ko zubar jini a lokacin suna buƙatar kulawar gaggawa.
Karanta jagorar
Typhoid
Alamomin typhoid (taifot): yadda zazzaɓin ke tafiya, alamun haɗari, da gwajin da za a amince da shi
Typhoid yawanci yana farawa kwanaki 6 zuwa 30 bayan cin abinci ko shan ruwan da ya gurɓata, da zazzaɓin da ke ƙara hawa kowace rana har zuwa 39 zuwa 40°C (103 zuwa 104°F), wanda ke ɗaukar fiye da kwanaki 3. Ciwon kai, rauni, rashin sha'awar cin abinci, ciwon ciki, maƙarƙashiya ko gudawa da tari sun zama ruwan dare, wasu kuma suna samun ƙananan tabo masu launin ruwan hoda a fata. Yana buƙatar maganin antibiotics.
Karanta jagorar
Gwaje-gwajen lab, bayani cikin sauƙaƙan kalmomi
Duk jagororin gwaje-gwajen lab
CBC
Gwajin jini na CBC (complete blood count): ma'aunin al'ada da abin da sakamakonku ke nufi
CBC na nufin complete blood count, wato cikakken ƙidayar jini. Yana auna jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da haemoglobin (masu ɗaukar iskar oxygen), fararen ƙwayoyin jini (masu yaƙi da cututtuka) da platelets (masu taimaka wa jini ya daskare). Ma'aunin da aka saba gani ga manya: haemoglobin 13.5 zuwa 17.5 g/dL ga maza da 12.0 zuwa 15.5 ga mata, fararen ƙwayoyin jini 4,000 zuwa 11,000 a kowane µL, platelets kuma 150,000 zuwa 450,000 a kowane µL.
Karanta jagorar
HbA1c
Gwajin HbA1c na sukarin jini: ma'aunin al'ada, jadawali da abin da sakamakonku ke nufi
HbA1c na al'ada yana ƙasa da 5.7% (39 mmol/mol). 5.7% zuwa 6.4% (39 zuwa 47 mmol/mol) shi ne matakin farkon ciwon suga (prediabetes), kuma 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) ko sama da haka yana cikin matakin ciwon suga, wanda likita ke tabbatarwa da gwaji na biyu. HbA1c yana nuna matsakaicin sukarin jininku na kusan watanni uku, kuma ba kwa buƙatar azumi kafin gwajin.
Karanta jagorar
Lipid profile
Gwajin kitsen jini (lipid profile): ma'aunin al'ada na cholesterol, HDL, LDL da triglycerides
Ga yawancin manya, matakan da ake so su ne: jimillar cholesterol ƙasa da 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L), LDL (cholesterol "mara kyau") ƙasa da 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L), HDL (cholesterol "mai kyau") 40 mg/dL ko fiye ga maza da 50 ko fiye ga mata, da triglycerides ƙasa da 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L). Masu ciwon suga ko cutar zuciya yawanci ana ba su matakin LDL da ya fi ƙasa.
Karanta jagorar
TSH
Gwajin TSH na thyroid: matakin al'ada, cikakken suna, da ma'anar TSH mai yawa ko ƙasa
TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone, wato sinadarin da ke motsa thyroid) na al'ada ga yawancin manya kusan 0.4 zuwa 4.0 mIU/L ne, ko da yake ɗakunan gwaji sun ɗan bambanta. TSH mai yawa yawanci yana nufin thyroid yana aiki ƙasa da yadda ya kamata, domin ƙwaƙwalwa tana ƙara tura thyroid mai jinkiri. TSH mai ƙasa kuma yawanci yana nufin thyroid yana aiki fiye da kima. Likitoci suna karanta shi tare da free T4, kuma iyakokin sun bambanta a lokacin ciki da kuma a tsufa.
Karanta jagorar
Vitamin D
Gwajin vitamin D: matakin al'ada, alamomin ƙarancin vitamin D da inda ake samun sa
Ana auna vitamin D a matsayin 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Ƙasa da 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) ƙaranci ne, ƙasa da 12 ng/mL (30 nmol/L) kuma ƙaranci ne mai tsanani. Yawancin masana suna ganin 20 ng/mL ko fiye ya isa don lafiyar ƙashi, kuma ɗakunan gwaji da yawa suna rubuta 30 zuwa 100 ng/mL a matsayin iyakar al'ada. Sama da kusan 50 ng/mL ba ya ƙara wani amfani, kuma matakin da ya yi yawa sosai yana iya cutarwa.
Karanta jagorar
Creatinine
Gwajin creatinine (aikin ƙoda): matakin al'ada, mai yawa da ma'anar sakamakonku
Serum creatinine na al'ada kusan 0.7 zuwa 1.3 mg/dL (62 zuwa 115 µmol/L) ne ga manyan maza, da 0.6 zuwa 1.1 mg/dL (53 zuwa 97 µmol/L) ga manyan mata, ko da yake kowane ɗakin gwaji yana rubuta nasa iyaka. Creatinine shara ce da ƙoda ke tacewa, don haka lamba mai yawa na iya nufin ƙoda tana tace ƙasa da yadda ya kamata. Likitoci suna karanta shi tare da eGFR ɗinku.
Karanta jagorar
Ferritin
Gwajin ferritin: matakin al'ada, ferritin mai ƙasa ko mai yawa, da ma'anar sakamakonku
Iyakar ferritin da aka saba gani ga manya kusan 24 zuwa 336 ng/mL ce ga maza, da 11 zuwa 307 ng/mL ga mata, ko da yake ɗakunan gwaji sun bambanta. Ƙasa da 15 ng/mL yana nufin ajiyar iron ta ƙare, kuma 15 zuwa 30 sau da yawa ya isa ya kawo alamomi. Ferritin yana kuma hawa idan akwai kumburi a jiki (inflammation), don haka likitoci suna karanta shi tare da haemoglobin da gwaje-gwajen iron ɗinku.
Karanta jagorar
