Gwajin jini na CBC (complete blood count): ma'aunin al'ada da abin da sakamakonku ke nufi

Gwajin cikakken ƙidayar jini shi ne gwajin jini da aka fi yi. Ga yadda za ku karanta kowane layi nasa: jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen ƙwayoyin jini da platelets.

An sabunta · Majiyoyi

Amsa a taƙaice

Mene ne gwajin jini na CBC?

CBC na nufin complete blood count, wato cikakken ƙidayar jini. Yana auna jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da haemoglobin (masu ɗaukar iskar oxygen), fararen ƙwayoyin jini (masu yaƙi da cututtuka) da platelets (masu taimaka wa jini ya daskare). Ma'aunin da aka saba gani ga manya: haemoglobin 13.5 zuwa 17.5 g/dL ga maza da 12.0 zuwa 15.5 ga mata, fararen ƙwayoyin jini 4,000 zuwa 11,000 a kowane µL, platelets kuma 150,000 zuwa 450,000 a kowane µL.

Bayyana min sakamakon gwajinaTambaya game da sakamakona

Bayanin lafiya ne, ba shawarar likita ba. Likitanku ya san cikakken halinku; ku tambaye shi game da sakamakonku.

Taswirar ma'auni

Jadawalin ma'aunin al'ada na CBC

Ma'aunin da aka saba gani ga manya. Ɗakin gwaji, shekaru da zama a wurare masu tsayi sosai suna ɗan canza su, don haka ku kwatanta da ma'aunin da aka buga a takardar sakamakonku.

GwajiMa'aunin da aka saba ga manyaAwoAbin da yake auna
Haemoglobin (Hb)Maza 13.5 zuwa 17.5, mata 12.0 zuwa 15.5g/dLSinadarin da ke ɗaukar oxygen a cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Idan ya yi ƙasa, ƙarancin jini (anaemia) ne.
Jajayen ƙwayoyin jini (RBC)Maza 4.5 zuwa 5.9, mata 4.1 zuwa 5.1miliyan/µLYawan jajayen ƙwayoyin jinin da kuke da su.
Haematocrit (PCV / HCT)Maza 41 zuwa 50, mata 36 zuwa 44%Kason jininku da ya ƙunshi jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.
MCV80 zuwa 100fLMatsakaicin girman jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Suna ƙanƙanta idan iron ya yi ƙasa, suna girma idan B12 ko folate sun yi ƙasa.
MCH27 zuwa 33pgYawan haemoglobin a cikin kowace jar ƙwayar jini.
RDW11.5 zuwa 14.5%Yadda girman jajayen ƙwayoyin jini ke bambanta. Yana hawa a farkon ƙarancin iron ko B12.
Fararen ƙwayoyin jini (WBC / TLC)4,000 zuwa 11,000a kowane µLƘwayoyin da ke yaƙi da cututtuka. Ana kuma rubuta su 4.0 zuwa 11.0 × 10⁹/L.
Platelets150,000 zuwa 450,000a kowane µLƘananan ƙwayoyi masu taimaka wa jini ya daskare. Ana kuma rubuta su 150 zuwa 450 × 10⁹/L.

Yara, mata masu ciki da mutanen da ke zaune a wurare masu tsayi sosai suna da nasu ma'aunin. MCHC (yawanci 32 zuwa 36 g/dL) da MPV su ma suna iya bayyana a takardar sakamakonku.

Differential (DLC): nau'o'in fararen ƙwayoyin jini guda biyar

Yawancin takardun sakamako suna raba ƙidayar fararen ƙwayoyin jini zuwa waɗannan nau'o'i biyar, a matsayin kaso cikin ɗari na dukan fararen ƙwayoyin jini. Kason da aka saba gani ga manya.

ƘwayaKason da aka sabaYakan yi sama idan akwai
Neutrophils40% zuwa 75%Cututtukan bacteria, kumburi, damuwa (stress), magungunan steroid
Lymphocytes20% zuwa 40%Cututtukan virus, warkewa daga rashin lafiya
Monocytes2% zuwa 10%Warkewa daga cuta, kumburi na dogon lokaci
Eosinophils1% zuwa 6%Alerji, asma, eczema, tsutsotsin ciki
Basophils0% zuwa 1%Ba kasafai ba; alerji, wani lokaci cututtukan jini

Ainihin adadi ya fi kaso muhimmanci: ainihin adadin neutrophils (ANC) ƙasa da 1,500 a kowane µL ya yi ƙasa, kuma ƙasa da 500 a kowane µL yana da babban haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani.

Me gwajin jini na CBC ke auna?

CBC gajarta ce ta complete blood count, wato cikakken ƙidayar jini. Za ku kuma ga ana kiransa CBP (complete blood picture), full blood count (FBC) ko haemogram. Samfurin jini ɗaya ne ake ɗauka, a ƙirga kuma a auna nau'o'in ƙwayoyin jini uku:

  • Jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, masu ɗaukar oxygen ta hanyar haemoglobin. Takardar sakamakon ta ƙunshi haemoglobin, adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, haematocrit (PCV) da ma'aunan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW).
  • Fararen ƙwayoyin jini, masu yaƙi da cututtuka. Jimillar adadinsu (WBC ko TLC) da differential (DLC), wanda ke raba su zuwa nau'o'i biyar.
  • Platelets, masu taimaka wa jini ya daskare.

Likitoci suna sa a yi shi a duba lafiya na yau da kullum, idan kuna jin gajiya, kuna da zazzaɓi ko wata cuta, kuna yawan samun shuɗin rauni a fata ko zubar jini, kafin tiyata, da kuma don bin diddigin cututtuka ko magungunan da ke shafar jini. Wasu takardun sakamako suna ƙara ESR, wanda ba ya cikin CBC amma ana yawan yin sa tare da shi.

Me ƙarancin haemoglobin da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini ke nufi?

Ƙarancin haemoglobin yana nufin ƙarancin jini (anaemia). Hukumar WHO tana amfani da ƙasa da 13 g/dL ga maza da ƙasa da 12 ga mata. A lokacin ciki kuwa, ƙasa da 11 ne a watanni uku na farko da na ƙarshe, da ƙasa da 10.5 a watanni uku na tsakiya, lokacin da jini kan yi tsarma ta hanyar halitta. Ƙarancin jini na iya jawo gajiya, sarƙewar numfashi, saurin bugun zuciya, fatar jiki ta yi fari, jiri da ciwon kai.

MCV (girman jajayen ƙwayoyin jini) yana nuna dalilin:

  • Ƙananan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini (MCV ya yi ƙasa): galibi ƙarancin iron ne, daga yawan jinin al'ada, ciki, abincin da ba shi da isasshen iron, ko ɗan zubar jini a hankali daga hanji. Thalassaemia trait, wadda ta zama ruwan dare a Kudancin Asiya, yankin Bahar Rum da Gabas ta Tsakiya, ita ma tana sa ƙwayoyin su yi ƙanana, sau da yawa tare da adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini na al'ada ko sama.
  • Manyan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini (MCV ya yi sama): ƙarancin vitamin B12 ko folate, shan barasa akai-akai, raunin aikin glandar thyroid, cutar hanta ko wasu magunguna.
  • Ƙwayoyi masu girman al'ada: rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci, cutar ƙoda, zubar jini na kwanan nan, ko haɗakar dalilai.

Haemoglobin ko haematocrit da ya yi sama yawanci yana faruwa ne saboda ƙarancin ruwa a jiki, shan taba ko zama a wurare masu tsayi sosai. Ba kasafai ba kuma yana zuwa daga cutar huhu ko zuciya, ko cutar ɓargo (polycythaemia).

Me fararen ƙwayoyin jini ke nunawa game da kamuwa da cuta?

Yawan fararen ƙwayoyin jini (sama da kusan 11,000 a kowane µL) yawanci yana nufin jiki yana yaƙi da wani abu: cutar bacteria (sau da yawa neutrophils sun yi sama), kumburi, rauni ko tiyata, damuwa ko magungunan steroid. Yana kuma ɗan hawa a lokacin ciki da kuma ga masu shan taba. Adadi mai yawa sosai, ko ƙwayoyin da ba su nuna ba (blasts) a takardar sakamako, suna buƙatar a duba su da wuri, domin ba kasafai ba suna iya nufin ciwon daji na jini kamar leukaemia.

Ƙarancin fararen ƙwayoyin jini (ƙasa da kusan 4,000 a kowane µL) ya zama ruwan dare na ɗan lokaci tare da cututtukan virus. Yana kuma iya zuwa daga wasu magunguna (ciki har da chemotherapy da wasu magungunan antibiotics, magungunan rage aikin thyroid da magungunan lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa), ƙarancin B12 ko folate, cututtukan da garkuwar jiki ke kai wa jiki hari (autoimmune) kuma, ba kasafai ba, matsalolin ɓargo. Ƙarancin neutrophils yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta; idan akwai zazzaɓi tare da shi, yana iya zama na gaggawa.

Yawan eosinophils galibi yana nufin alerji, asma, eczema ko tsutsotsin ciki, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a ƙasashe da yawa.

Me platelets ke nunawa, har da a cutar dengue?

Ƙarancin platelets (thrombocytopenia), ƙasa da kusan 150,000 a kowane µL, ya zama ruwan dare tare da zazzaɓin virus, musamman dengue. Yana kuma iya zuwa daga wasu magunguna, yawan shan barasa, cutar hanta, saifa da ta kumbura, ciki da cututtukan garkuwar jiki (ITP). Dunƙulewar platelets a ɗakin gwaji na iya sa adadin ya yi kamar ya yi ƙasa alhali ba haka ba, don haka ana yawan maimaita sakamakon da ba a yi tsammani ba.

A cutar dengue, platelets sukan faɗi sosai a kusan kwana na 3 zuwa na 7 na zazzaɓin, lokacin da zazzaɓin ke sauka. Wannan shi ne lokaci mafi hatsari, inda likitoci ke lura sosai da alamun gargaɗi: ciwon ciki mai tsanani, amai akai-akai, zubar jini daga dasashi ko hanci, jini a amai ko a bayan gida, rashin natsuwa ko barci mai nauyi da ba a saba ba. Lamba kaɗai ba ita ke yanke shawarar magani ba; yadda kuke ji ya fi muhimmanci. Kada ku sha aspirin ko ibuprofen don zazzaɓin da zai iya zama dengue; ku tambayi likita ko mai harhaɗa magunguna (pharmacist) abin da ke da aminci.

Yawan platelets (thrombocytosis), sama da kusan 450,000 a kowane µL, yawanci yana biyo bayan ƙarancin iron, kamuwa da cuta ko kumburi, tiyata ko cire saifa. Ba kasafai ba yana zuwa daga cutar ɓargo, wadda likita zai bincika idan adadin ya ci gaba da kasancewa sama.

Ta yaya ake yin gwajin CBC?

  • Ɗan samfurin jini ne daga jijiya (ko a soka diddige ko yatsa ga jarirai). Ba a buƙatar azumi don CBC, sai dai idan wasu gwaje-gwajen da za a yi a lokaci ɗaya suna buƙata.
  • Sakamako yawanci yana fitowa a ranar, sau da yawa cikin 'yan sa'o'i.
  • Ku sha ruwa kamar yadda kuka saba: ƙarancin ruwa a jiki na iya sa haemoglobin da haematocrit su yi kamar sun yi sama.
  • Ku gaya wa ɗakin gwaji game da rashin lafiya na kwanan nan, ciki, da magungunan da kuke sha, domin suna iya canza adadin.
  • Idan wani abu bai yi daidai ba, likitoci sukan duba peripheral smear (ƙwayoyin jini a ƙarƙashin microscope) ko su maimaita gwajin.

Me za ku yi idan wani abu a CBC ɗinku ya fita daga ma'auni?

  • Ku duba sakamakon gaba ɗaya. Ƙima ɗaya da ta ɗan fita daga ma'auni, alhali sauran duka na al'ada ne kuma babu alamun rashin lafiya, abu ne da ake yawan gani kuma sau da yawa ba ya nufin komai.
  • Ku sake gwadawa bayan rashin lafiya. Mura da sauran cututtuka na iya canza fararen ƙwayoyin jini da platelets na tsawon kusan makonni biyu.
  • Dole a nemo dalilin ƙarancin jini, ba magani kaɗai ba: gwaje-gwajen iron (ferritin), B12 da folate su ne gwaje-gwajen da ake yawan yi na gaba.
  • Ƙarin sinadaran iron, B12 da folate shawarar likitanku ce. Shan iron ba tare da gwaji ba na iya ɓoye dalilin da ya kamata a gano, kuma iron da ya yi yawa yana da illa.
  • Ku ci abinci mai gina jini lafiyayye: iron (lentils, wake, ganyayyaki masu kore, nama, kifi, ƙwai, hatsin da aka ƙara wa sinadarai) tare da vitamin C, da B12 daga madara da kayan madara, ƙwai, kifi ko abincin da aka ƙara wa sinadarai idan ba kwa cin nama ko kayan dabbobi.

Lokacin ganin likita

Ku tsara ganin likita

  • Haemoglobin ɗinku ya yi ƙasa da 10 g/dL, ko ya yi ƙasa da na gwajinku na ƙarshe: ku ga likitan gama-gari cikin mako ɗaya don a nemo dalilin.
  • Fararen ƙwayoyin jininku sun yi ƙasa da 3,000 ko sama da 15,000 a kowane µL ba tare da wani dalili bayyananne kamar mura ba: ku ga likitan gama-gari cikin 'yan kwanaki.
  • Platelets ɗinku sun yi ƙasa da 100,000 a kowane µL, musamman tare da zazzaɓi: ku ga likita cikin kwana ɗaya ko biyu.
  • Ƙima da dama sun fita daga ma'auni tare, ko takardar sakamakonku ta ambaci blasts ko ƙwayoyin da ba na al'ada ba: ku ga likita (sau da yawa likitan jini, wato haematologist) a wannan makon.

Ku nemi taimakon gaggawa yanzu (ku kira lambar gaggawa ta yankinku) idan wani yana da:

  • zubar jini da ba ya tsayawa, jini a amai ko baƙin bayan gida, ko zubar jini daga dasashi ko hanci tare da zazzaɓi (wataƙila alamun gargaɗin dengue, tare da ciwon ciki mai tsanani, amai akai-akai ko barci mai nauyi)
  • zazzaɓi na 38 °C (100.4 °F) ko sama da haka yayin da yake karɓar chemotherapy, ko kuma an san neutrophils ɗinsa sun yi ƙasa sosai
  • ciwon ƙirji, sarƙewar numfashi ko da yana hutawa, ko suma, tare da sananniyar ƙarancin jini mai tsanani
  • platelets ƙasa da 20,000 a kowane µL tare da kowane irin zubar jini

Yawancin ƙimar CBC da suka fita daga ma'auni ba gaggawa ba ne. Waɗannan alamun kuwa gaggawa ne.

Kuna da takardar sakamakon CBC? Ku fahimci kowane layi.

Saluvo yana karanta dukan takardar sakamakonku cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, a harshenku: haemoglobin, ma'aunan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen ƙwayoyin jini, differential da platelets, waɗanne ƙima ne suka fita daga ma'auni, da abin da za ku tambayi likitanku.

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Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi

  • CBC na nufin complete blood count, wato cikakken ƙidayar jini. Ana kuma kiransa CBP (complete blood picture), full blood count (FBC) ko haemogram. Gwajin jini ne da ke auna jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da haemoglobin, fararen ƙwayoyin jini da platelets, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da likitoci suka fi sa a yi.

  • Ma'aunin da aka saba ga manya: haemoglobin 13.5 zuwa 17.5 g/dL ga maza da 12.0 zuwa 15.5 ga mata, fararen ƙwayoyin jini 4,000 zuwa 11,000 a kowane µL, platelets 150,000 zuwa 450,000 a kowane µL, da MCV 80 zuwa 100 fL. Ɗakunan gwaji suna ɗan bambanta, don haka ku kwatanta sakamakonku da ma'aunin da aka buga a takardarku.

  • Ƙarancin haemoglobin yana nufin ƙarancin jini (anaemia): ƙasa da 13 g/dL ga maza, ƙasa da 12 ga mata, kuma a lokacin ciki ƙasa da 11 (ƙasa da 10.5 a watanni uku na tsakiyar ciki), bisa ma'aunin WHO. Dalilin da ya fi yawa shi ne ƙarancin iron. Sauran sun haɗa da ƙarancin B12 ko folate, thalassaemia trait, rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci, cutar ƙoda da zubar jini. MCV ɗinku da gwaje-gwajen iron suna taimakawa wajen gano dalilin.

  • WBC mai yawa (sama da kusan 11,000 a kowane µL) yawanci yana nufin jikinku yana yaƙi da cuta, sau da yawa ta bacteria, ko yana mayar da martani ga kumburi, rauni, damuwa ko magungunan steroid. Yawanci na ɗan lokaci ne. Adadi mai yawa sosai, ko ƙwayoyin da ba su nuna ba a takardar sakamako, suna buƙatar likita ya duba cikin 'yan kwanaki, domin ba kasafai ba suna iya nufin cutar jini.

  • WBC mai ƙaranci (ƙasa da kusan 4,000 a kowane µL) ya zama ruwan dare na ɗan lokaci tare da cututtukan virus. Yana kuma iya faruwa saboda wasu magunguna, ƙarancin B12 ko folate, cututtukan autoimmune kuma, ba kasafai ba, matsalolin ɓargo. Ƙarancin neutrophils yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, don haka zazzaɓi tare da sananniyar ƙarancin adadi yana buƙatar kulawar gaggawa.

  • Adadin platelets ƙasa da kusan 150,000 a kowane µL ana kiransa thrombocytopenia. Ya zama ruwan dare tare da zazzaɓin virus, musamman dengue, kuma yana iya zuwa daga magunguna, barasa, cutar hanta, ciki ko cututtukan garkuwar jiki. Ƙasa da 100,000 yana buƙatar ganin likita cikin kwana ɗaya ko biyu. Ƙasa da 20,000 tare da kowane irin zubar jini yana buƙatar kulawar gaggawa.

  • A dengue, platelets sukan faɗi a kusan kwana na 3 zuwa na 7 na zazzaɓin. Likitoci suna lura sosai idan sun yi ƙasa da 100,000 a kowane µL, kuma suna yin magani cikin gaggawa idan sun yi ƙasa da 20,000 ko idan akwai kowane irin zubar jini. Amma alamun gargaɗi sun fi lambar muhimmanci: ciwon ciki mai tsanani, amai akai-akai, zubar jini daga dasashi ko hanci, ko barci mai nauyi suna buƙatar kulawar gaggawa ko mene ne adadin.

  • A'a. CBC ba ya buƙatar azumi, kuma kuna iya ci da sha kamar yadda kuka saba. Idan za a yi wasu gwaje-gwaje a lokaci guda, kamar sukarin jini na azumi ko lipid profile, ku bi umarnin azumi na waɗancan. Shan ruwa kamar yadda kuka saba yana taimakawa, domin ƙarancin ruwa a jiki na iya sa haemoglobin ya yi kamar ya yi sama.

  • MCV (mean corpuscular volume) shi ne matsakaicin girman jajayen ƙwayoyin jininku, yawanci 80 zuwa 100 fL. MCV mai ƙaranci (ƙananan ƙwayoyi) yawanci yana nuna ƙarancin iron ko thalassaemia trait. MCV mai yawa (manyan ƙwayoyi) yana nuna ƙarancin vitamin B12 ko folate, barasa, ko matsalar thyroid ko hanta. Yana taimakawa wajen gano dalilin ƙarancin jini.

  • DLC (differential leucocyte count) yana raba fararen ƙwayoyin jininku zuwa nau'o'i biyar: neutrophils (40 zuwa 75%), lymphocytes (20 zuwa 40%), monocytes (2 zuwa 10%), eosinophils (1 zuwa 6%) da basophils (0 zuwa 1%). Yanayinsu yana ba da alamu: yawan neutrophils sau da yawa yana nufin cutar bacteria, yawan lymphocytes cutar virus, yawan eosinophils kuma alerji ko tsutsotsi.

  • CBC ba zai iya tabbatar da ciwon daji ba, amma yana iya nuna alamun da ke buƙatar bincike, kamar fararen ƙwayoyin jini masu yawa ko ƙaranci sosai, ƙwayoyin da ba su nuna ba (blasts), ko ƙima da dama da suka yi ƙasa tare. Waɗannan na iya nuna ciwon daji na jini ko matsalar ɓargo. Ƙarancin jini da ba a san dalilinsa ba kuma na iya zama alamar farko ta ciwon daji na hanji. Sakamako marasa al'ada suna kai wa ga ƙarin gwaje-gwaje.

  • CBC yana ƙirga da auna ƙwayoyin jininku. ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) gwaji ne na daban da ke nuna saurin da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini ke sauka a cikin bututu, wata alama ce ta gaba ɗaya ta kumburi. A ɗakunan gwaji da yawa ana yin su tare kuma a buga su a takarda ɗaya, amma suna amsa tambayoyi daban-daban.

  • Babu ƙayyadadden jadawali ga manya masu lafiya. Ana yawan yin CBC a matsayin wani ɓangare na duba lafiya na shekara-shekara. Ana yin sa akai-akai idan kuna da ƙarancin jini, wata cuta ta dogon lokaci, kuna da ciki, ko kuna shan magungunan da ke shafar jini. Bayan maganin ƙarancin jini, yawanci ana sake duba shi bayan 'yan makonni zuwa 'yan watanni.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka bayyana

Bulogi

Majiyoyi

  1. MedlinePlus: Complete blood count (CBC)
  2. NHS: Blood tests
  3. NHLBI: Blood tests
  4. WHO: Anaemia fact sheet
  5. WHO: Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations (2024)
  6. WHO: Dengue and severe dengue fact sheet

An sabunta . Bayanin lafiya ne, ba shawarar likita ba. Likitanku ya san cikakken halinku; ku tambaye shi game da sakamakonku.