He tika rānei ngā tirotiro tohumate AI? Ngā kitenga o ngā rangahau, me te whakamahi haumaru

He rite pea te tirotiro tohumate AI ki te tākuta i roto i tō pūkoro. Ka tuhi koe i te raru, ā, i muri i ētahi hēkona ka whiwhi koe i tētahi rārangi take pea me ngā tohutohu mō te mahi e whai ake nei. He tere, he utukore i te nuinga o te wā, ā, kei reira i te 2 a.m. ina kāore he tangata kē. Engari he pēhea tōna tika? Neke atu i te tekau tau e whakamātautau ana ngā kairangahau i ēnei taputapu, ā, he whai hua ake te whakautu i te āe, i te kāo rānei.

Ka kōrero tēnei aratohu mō ngā kitenga o ngā rangahau, ngā wāhi e āwhina ai ēnei taputapu, ngā wāhi e hē ai, me tētahi rārangi arowhai ka taea e koe te whakamahi ki tētahi o ēnei.

He aha tā te tirotiro tohumate AI e tino mahi ana

E rua ngā momo whānui:

• Ngā taupānga me ngā paetukutuku tirotiro tohumate. Ka pātai rātou i ētahi pātai, kātahi ka hoatu i tētahi rārangi mate pea me tētahi taumata triage (te whakatau he pēhea te wawe, ki hea hoki rapu tiaki ai): tiakina koe anō i te kāinga, haere ki te tākuta, rapua rānei te tiaki ohotata.
• Ngā chatbot AI whānui. Ka kōrero koe ki a rātou ki ōu ake kupu, ā, he wāhanga hauora tō ētahi ināianei. Ka whakamārama rātou ki ngā rerenga katoa, engari kāore i ngā wā katoa e whai ana i tētahi huinga pātai pūmau.

E rua ngā mahi motuhake a ngā mea e rua, ā, he pai kia wehea:

1. Tautohu mate: te matapae he aha pea te raru.
2. Triage: te tohutohu he pēhea te wawe, ki hea hoki rapu tiaki ai.

E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he pai ake ēnei taputapu ki te mahi tuarua i te mahi tuatahi i te nuinga o te wā. Mō tō haumaru, he nui ake te hira o te mahi tuarua.

He tika rānei ngā tirotiro tohumate AI? Ngā kitenga rangahau

Ngā taputapu tōmua: i tika mō te kotahi hautoru o te wā

He arotake rongonui i te BMJ i 2015 i whakamātautau i ngā tirotiro tohumate ā-ipurangi 23 ki ngā take tūroro paerewa. I puta tuatahi te tautohu mate tika i te tata ki te kotahi hautoru noa iho o ngā take, ā, i puta ki tētahi wāhi o ngā mea 20 tuatahi i te paku nui ake i te haurua. I pai ake ngā tohutohu triage, engari he tino rerekē te kounga i waenga i ngā taputapu, mai i te tata ki te kotahi hautoru o ngā take ki te tata ki te whā o ia rima. I tukuna e ētahi tirotiro ngā tāngata ki te tākuta ahakoa ka pai noa te tiaki i te kāinga. I whakatau ngā kaituhi kāore ngā raraunga i tautoko i te whakamahi i ēnei taputapu mō te tautohu mate, mō te triage rānei.

Ngā arotake o muri mai: he tino rerekē tonu

He arotake nahanaha o 2022 i npj Digital Medicine i kohi i ngā rangahau 10 mō ngā taputapu 48. Ko te tika o te mate matua, i waenga i te tata ki te 19% me te 38%. I pai ake te triage, mai i te tata ki te 49% ki te 90%, engari he nui te rerekē i waenga i ngā taputapu me ngā mate. I kī ngā kaiarotake he iti te tika whānui, ā, i whakaara rātou i ngā āwangawanga haumaru.

He arotake o 2025 i taua hautaka anō i whakataurite i ngā taupānga tohumate, ngā chatbot AI me ngā tāngata noa e whakatau ana mā rātou anō. Mō te triage, i waenga te tika o ngā taupānga i te tata ki te 12% me te 90%. I noho ngā chatbot ki tētahi awhe whāiti ake i waenganui, tata ki te 58% ki te 76%. Ko ngā tāngata anake, tata ki te 47% ki te 62%. He taurite te whakaaro o ngā kaituhi: kaua ēnei taputapu e tūtohutia, e whakakorea rānei mō te katoa. Kei te taputapu te whakautu, kei te tangata hoki e whakamahi ana.

2026: ngā chatbot hou rawa

E rua ngā rangahau i tāia i Nature Medicine i Hui-tanguru 2026 i titiro ki te whakatupuranga hou rawa o te AI.

Ko te rangahau a Mount Sinai te whakamātautau haumaru motuhake tuatahi o ChatGPT Health i muri i tōna whakarewanga i Kohi-tātea 2026. I tuhia e ngā kairangahau ngā whakaahuatanga tūroro 60 puta noa i ngā mātanga 21, ā, i whakahaerea ia mea i raro i ngā rerekētanga 16, mō ngā kōrerorero 960. I whakatauria e ngā tākuta tokotoru te whakautu tika mō ia take, mā ngā aratohu a ngā rōpū hauora 56. I pai te whakahaere a te taputapu i ngā ohotata mārama, pērā i te ikura roro (stroke) me ngā urupare pāwera taumaha. Engari i te neke atu i te haurua o ngā take i kī ngā tākuta me whai tiaki ohotata, i tohutohu ia i tētahi taumata tiaki iti iho. I tētahi take huangō, i kitea e tāna ake whakamārama ngā tohu tōmua o te rahua o te whakaha, heoi i tohutohu tonu ia kia tatari. I puta kore-rite hoki ngā karere mō te raru whakamomori.

I mārama ngā kairangahau mō ngā here: he mea tuhi ngā whakaahuatanga, ehara i te tūroro tūturu, kotahi anake te wā o te whakamātautau, ā, kāore i uru ngā tamariki, ngā rongoā me te whakamahinga i ētahi atu reo i te Ingarihi. Kāore rātou e kī ana kia mutu te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hauora AI, engari kia whakaarohia hei āwhina, kaua hei whakakapi i te whakatau a te ngaio hauora.

I pātai te rangahau a Oxford i tētahi pātai rerekē: ka āwhina rānei ēnei taputapu i ngā tāngata tūturu kia pai ake te whakatau? Tata ki te 1300 ngā pakeke o te UK i mahi i ngā whakaahuatanga i tuhia e ngā tākuta, ki tētahi tauira AI, ki ngā mea rānei e whakamahi ana rātou i te nuinga o te wā, pērā i te rapu ipurangi. Ina hoatu tōtika ngā take, i whakaingoatia e ngā tauira tētahi mate hāngai i te tata ki te 95% o aua take. Engari ina whakamahia e ngā tāngata aua tauira anō, i kitea e rātou tētahi mate hāngai i raro iho i te 35% o ngā take, ā, i kōwhiri rātou i te hīkoi tika e whai ake nei i raro iho i te 44%. Kāore tēnā i pai ake i te rōpū kāore he AI. He maha ngā wā kāore ngā tāngata i mōhio ko ēhea taipitopito hei hoatu, he tino rerekē ngā whakautu i puta i ngā panoni iti o te kupu, ā, he ranunga ngā whakautu o ngā tohutohu pai me ngā tohutohu kino he uaua ki te wehe.

Te tikanga o ēnei katoa

• Ko ngā ohotata mārama ka pai rawa te whakahaere. Ko ngā mea huna ngā wāhi e hē ai ngā taputapu.
• He nui te rerekē o te tika i waenga i ngā taputapu, ā, ka huri pea te taputapu kotahi i muri i tētahi whakahou.
• He rerekē te kaute pai i te taiwhanga i te āwhina i a koe. Ko te kōrerorero i waenga i te tangata me te mīhini te wāhi e hē ai i te nuinga o te wā.
• Kāore he rangahau e tautoko ana i te whakamahi i ēnei taputapu hei tautohu i tō ake mate.

Ngā wāhi e tino āwhina ai ngā tirotiro tohumate

Mēnā ka tika te whakamahi, ka whai take tonu pea te tirotiro tohumate AI:

• Te kimi kupu mō tāu e rongo ana. Ka āwhina pea i a koe ki te whakaahua mārama i tētahi tohumate i mua i tō waea atu ki tētahi whare haumanu.
• Te whakamārama kupu. Ka taea e ia te kī atu ki ngā kupu māmā te tikanga o tētahi kupu i tētahi pepa tuku i te hōhipera.
• Te whakarite mō tētahi toronga. Ka taea e ia te tuku pātai hei pātai, me ngā taipitopito ka hiahiatia e te tākuta.
• Te marino mō ngā raru iti mārama, mēnā e mōhio ana koe ki ngā tohu whakatūpato ka huri i te āhua.
• Te āheinga. Kei reira ahakoa te hāora, ā, i ngā reo maha i te nuinga o te wā, he mea nui ina tawhiti, ina uaua rānei te tiaki.

Ngā wāhi e hē ai

• Ngā ohotata huna. Ko te mate manawa ohorere (heart attack) kāore i tino mamae te uma, ko te tamaiti rānei e tino ata noho ana, ka rite pea ki te mea iti i roto i te tuhinga.
• Ngā kōrero e ngaro ana. Ko ngā mea anake ka tuhia e koe ka mōhiotia e te taputapu. Ki te kore koe e kī kei te hapū koe, e kai ana koe i tētahi rongoā whakaangiangi toto (blood thinner), kei a koe rānei te mate huka, kāore e taea e ia te whai whakaaro ki tērā.
• Te whai i tāu e kī ana. Ki te kī koe "kāore pea he aha", ka tītaha pea te whakautu ki taua taha.
• Te reo māia. Ka rite pea te whakautu māene, pai te tuhi, ki te mea e tino mōhio ana, nui atu i tōna tūturu.
• Kāore he tirotiro tinana, kāore he whakamātautau. Kāore e taea e ia te whakarongo ki tō uma, te rongo i tō puku, te tirotiro rānei i tō taumata hāora.

He rārangi arowhai mō te whakamahi haumaru i tētahi tirotiro tohumate AI

Hīkoi	He aha i hira ai	Te mahi
Ngā tohu mōrearea i te tuatahi	Ka hapa pea i ngā taputapu ngā take ohotata kāore e mārama ana	Tirohia e koe anō ngā tohu mōrearea ohotata i mua i tō tuhi i tētahi mea
Hoatu ngā kōrero katoa	Kei ngā mea ka tiria e koe ngā whakautu	Whakaurua te pakeke, te hapūtanga, ngā mate roa me ia rongoā e kai ana koe
Whakaahuatia mārama	Ka huri ngā whakautu i ngā kupu	Kīia te mea i tupu, te wā i tīmata, me te āhua o te huri, kaua e whakaiti
Pātai mō te wawe	He nui ake te hira o te triage i tētahi ingoa mate	Pātaihia tōtika: "Me kite au i tētahi āhea, ā, ki hea?"
Whakaarohia hei whakaaro tuarua	Kāore ngā rangahau e tautoko ana i te tautohu i tō ake mate	Kawea te whakautu ki tētahi tākuta, tapuhi, kaiwhakarato rongoā rānei, kaua e mahi i runga i a ia anake
Kaua rawa e whakaroa i te tiaki ohotata	He nui te hira o ngā meneti i ētahi mate	Mēnā e ruarua ana, waea tuatahi ki tō nama ohotata, ka pātai ai i muri
Tiakina tō tūmataiti	He maha ngā taupānga hauora kāore e hipokina e ngā ture tūmataiti hauora	Pānuitia te kaupapa here tūmataiti, tirohia ngā tautuhinga tiritiri, ā, ko ngā mea e hiahiatia anake e tiria

Ngā tohu mōrearea e kī ana kia waiho te taupānga

Waea atu ki tō nama ohotata ā-rohe, haere rānei ki te tari ohotata tata rawa mēnā kei a koe, kei tētahi tangata rānei i tō taha:

• Te mamae, te pēhanga, te kikī rānei i te uma
• Te uaua o te whakaha
• Te taka o te kanohi, te ngoikore o te ringa, te kōrero nanu rānei
• He urupare pāwera taumaha, pērā i te pupuhi o ngā ngutu, o te korokoro rānei
• Te pōraruraru ohorere, te takahemo, te hukihuki rānei
• Te rerenga toto nui kāore e mutu
• Ngā whakaaro kia whara koe i a koe anō

Whakaarohia te wāhi ka tae ō kupu

E whakatūpato ana te US Federal Trade Commission kāore te maha o ngā taupānga hauora e hipokina ana e ngā ture tūmataiti hauora pērā i a HIPAA, ā, ka tiri ētahi i ngā raraunga ki ngā kaiwhakatairanga, ki ētahi atu kamupene rānei. I mua i tō whakaahua taipitopito i ō tohumate, tirohia he aha tā te taupānga e kohi ana, ko wai ka tiria atu, ā, mēnā ka taea e koe te whakaweto i te tiritiri. He hīkoi tika te whakataurite i ngā kī taurangi tūmataiti o ngā taupānga rite e rua i mua i tō kōwhiri.

Te mahi a Saluvo mō tēnei

Ka whakautu te kōrerorero a Saluvo i ngā pātai hauora i ngā reo maha, ā, ka tirotiro ia i tō karere mō ngā tohu mōrearea ohotata mā ngā ture pūmau i mua i te whakautu a tētahi AI, nō reira ka whiwhi ngā tohu whakatūpato i tētahi whakautu mārama "tikina he āwhina ināianei". Kāore e taea e ia te tautohu i tō mate, ā, kāore ōna whakautu e arotakea e tētahi tākuta. Whakamahia kia rite ki tā tēnei aratohu e kī ana: hei mārama, hei whakarite, kaua hei whakakapi i te tiaki.

Te kōrero whakamutunga

Kei te pai haere ngā tirotiro tohumate AI, engari e whakaae ana ngā rangahau ki tētahi mea: ko tō rātou ngoikoretanga nui kei te wāhi tonu e nui rawa ana te mōrearea, i ngā ohotata kāore e rite ana ki te ohotata. Tirohia e koe anō ngā tohu mōrearea, hoatu ngā kōrero katoa, ā, whakamahia te whakautu hei hīkoi ki te kōrero ki tētahi ngaio hauora, kaua rawa hei take mō te tatari.