Ngā tohu o te PCOS: te āhua, te whakatau a te rata, me te take ko PMOS te ingoa ināianei

Ko te polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), te mate pūkoro maha o ngā whare hua, he mate taiaki (hormone) noa, he roa te mau. Kāore ngā whare hua (ovaries) e tuku i tētahi hua ia marama, ā, he maha ngā wā ka nui ake ngā taiaki tāne (androgens) e hangaia ana e te tinana i te noa, ā, he iti iho te urupare a te tinana ki te inihurini (insulin). Mā taua huinga e mārama ai te nuinga o ngā tohu.

E ai ki te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (World Health Organization), ka pā ki te 10 ki te 13% o ngā wāhine kei ngā tau whānau tamariki, ā, tae atu ki te 70% o rātou kāore i te mōhio he PCOS tō rātou.

I te Haratua 2026, i whakaae tētahi rōpū o ngā rata me ngā tūroro o te ao ki tētahi ingoa hou: polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), arā, te mate taiaki maha, tukanga tinana, o ngā whare hua. I whakaaro te ingoa tawhito ko ngā pūkoro wai (cysts) i ngā whare hua te raruraru, engari he tokomaha ngā wāhine he mate tēnei tō rātou, kāore he pūkoro, ā, ka pā anō ki ngā taiaki, ki te tukanga tinana (metabolism), ki te kiri me te ngākau. Kei te whakamahi te NHS me te aratohu o te ao i te PMOS ināianei; ko te PCOS tonu te ingoa e mōhiotia whānuitia ana.

PCOS, PCOD rānei? Ko te "PCOD" (polycystic ovarian disease) he kupu e whakamahia ana i Īnia te nuinga. E kī ana ētahi paetukutuku he mate māmā ake, he mate motuhake, engari kāore he whakatau motuhake kua whakaaetia puta noa i te ao: ko te PCOS, ko PMOS ināianei, te ingoa i ngā aratohu a ngā rata.

I te nuinga o te wā ka tīmata ngā tohu i ngā tau taiohi, ā, he tino rerekē i tēnā wahine, i tēnā wahine. He maha ngā tohu ā ētahi; he ruarua noa ā ētahi atu.

Ngā tohu mate wahine me te hapū:

• Mate wahine kāore e rite, ruarua, kāore rānei e puta: neke atu i te 35 rā te roa o te huringa, iti iho rānei i te 8 ngā mate wahine i te tau
• I ētahi wā he nui, he roa rānei te mate wahine ina puta
• Te uaua o te hapū, nā te mea kāore he hua e tukuna ia marama

Ngā tohu o te nui ake o ngā taiaki tāne (androgens):

• Huruhuru tāpiri i te kanohi, i te uma, i te puku, i te tuarā rānei (hirsutism)
• Huahua e mau tonu ana i muri i ngā tau taiohi, kiri hinuhinu rānei
• Te angiangi o ngā makawe i te tihi o te māhunga

Ngā tohu o te tukanga tinana (metabolism):

• Te piki o te taumaha, otirā i te puku, me te uaua o te whakaheke
• Ngā papanga kiri pōuri, mātotoru, ngohengohe pērā i te wereweti i te kakī, i ngā kēkē, i te kumu rānei (acanthosis nigricans), he tohu o te ātete inihurini (insulin resistance)
• Te ngenge, me te ngongoro, te kino rānei o te moe (sleep apnoea)

Te ngākau: he nui ake te pōuri o te ngākau, te māharahara, ngā āwangawanga mō te kai me te whakaaro kino ki te āhua o te tinana, i tētahi wāhanga nā te āhua o te pā o ngā tohu ki te ngākau o te tangata.

Kāore he pūkoro ā te katoa. Ko ngā "pūkoro" (cysts) he pūkoro hua iti (follicles), he hua kāore i pakari. Ka taea he PCOS tōu ahakoa kāore ēnei, ā, he tokomaha ngā wāhine he pūkoro hua kei te ultrasound, kāore he PCOS.

Kāore i te tino mōhiotia te take. E rua ngā mea e mahi tahi ana:

• Te ātete inihurini (insulin resistance): me nui ake te inihurini kia noa tonu ai te huka o te toto, ā, mā te nui o te inihurini ka akiakitia ngā whare hua kia nui ake ngā taiaki tāne (androgens) e hangaia ana.
• Te nui ake o ngā taiaki tāne: ka ārai ēnei i te pakari o ngā hua, ā, nā rātou ngā tohu makawe me te kiri.

He nui ake te tūpono he PCOS tōu mēnā:

• he PCOS tō tō whaea, tō tuahine rānei, he mate huka momo 2 rānei i roto i te whānau
• nō Āhia ki te Tonga koe, nō tētahi atu iwi o Āhia rānei, e ai ki te NHS
• he taumaha nui tōu, ka kaha ake ai te ātete inihurini me ngā tohu, ahakoa ka taea anō he PCOS tō ngā wāhine kikokore

Ehara te PCOS i te mea nā tētahi mahi āu, ā, ehara i te tohu o te kino o ō tikanga hauora.

Kāore he whakamātautau kotahi. I raro i te aratohu o te ao (2023), ka whakataua he PCOS tō te pakeke mēnā e rua, neke atu rānei, o ēnei e toru ōna, ina whakakorea ētahi atu take:

Ko tā ngā rata e rapu ai	Ka kīia he tohu ina
Mate wahine kāore e rite, kāore rānei he tuku hua	Neke atu i te 3 tau i muri i te tīmatanga o te mate wahine: he poto iho ngā huringa i te 21 rā, he roa ake rānei i te 35 rā, iti iho rānei i te 8 i te tau. He huringa kotahi e roa ake ana i te 90 rā
Te nui ake o ngā taiaki tāne	Huruhuru tāpiri, huahua, angiangi rānei o ngā makawe o te māhunga, he testosterone teitei rānei i te whakamātautau toto
Ngā whare hua	He maha ngā pūkoro hua iti i te ultrasound, he AMH teitei rānei i te whakamātautau toto (mō ngā pakeke anake)

I ngā taiohi, he mea noa te mate wahine kāore e rite i ngā tau tuatahi, nō reira me kite ngā rata i ngā mea e rua: te mate wahine kāore e rite me ngā tohu taiaki tāne, ā, kāore rātou e whakamahi i te ultrasound, i te AMH rānei hei whakatau i te PCOS.

Te whakakore i ētahi atu take: he whakamātautau hapūtanga, he whakamātautau repe tenga (TSH) me te whakamātautau prolactin ngā mea noa, i ētahi wā me ētahi atu.

I muri i te whakataunga, ka tirotiro ngā rata i ngā mate ka puta pea nā te PCOS: te huka o te toto (HbA1c, he whakamātautau glucose rānei), te cholesterol, te pēhanga toto me te taumaha. Ka whakamārama tā mātou aratohu tohu repe tenga me pēhea e ōrite ai te āhua o ngā raruraru repe tenga.

He nui kē atu te PCOS i te raruraru mate wahine. Ka haere te wā, ka piki te tūpono o:

• Te mate huka momo 2, me te mate huka i te hapūtanga (gestational diabetes)
• Te pēhanga toto teitei me te cholesterol teitei, ā, nā reira, te mate manawa
• Te mate ate hinu (fatty liver disease)
• Te mate hā i te moe (sleep apnoea)
• Te mate pukupuku o te kiko o te kōpū (endometrial cancer), ina tino ruarua te mate wahine mō te wā roa, nā te mea kāore te kiko o te kōpū e makere i ngā wā e tika ana. Mā te maimoatanga e rere tonu ai te toto i ia wā e tiaki i a koe i tēnei.
• Ngā raruraru i te hapūtanga, pērā i te pēhanga toto teitei me te materoto, nō reira ka āta tirohia ngā hapūtanga
• Te pōuri o te ngākau me te māharahara

Mā ngā tirotiro auau e kitea moata ai ēnei, ā, ko ngā tikanga hauora pai e māmā ai ngā tohu, ka whakaheke anō i ēnei tūpono.

Kāore he rongoā whakaora, engari ka taea te tino maimoa i ngā tohu, ā, ka whai te mahere i te mea nui rawa ki a koe: te mate wahine, te kiri me ngā makawe, te taumaha, te hapū rānei.

• Te kai hauora me te korikori auau ka āwhina i te katoa he PCOS tō rātou, ahakoa kāore e heke te taumaha. Mēnā he taumaha nui tōu, mā te whakaheke paku noa e rite ake ai te mate wahine, ā, ka pai ake te ātete inihurini.
• Mō te mate wahine kāore e rite: mā te pire ārai hapū whakakotahi (combined pill), te progestogen, te kōpiko taiaki rānei (IUS) e whakarite te rere toto, e tiaki te kiko o te kōpū.
• Mō te huruhuru kāore e hiahiatia me te huahua: te pire, ngā rongoā e ārai ana i ngā taiaki tāne, ngā kirīmi, me te tango huruhuru pērā i te laser, i te electrolysis rānei.
• Ko te metformin, he rongoā mate huka, ka whakamahia i ētahi wā mō te ātete inihurini me te taumaha.
• Mō te hapū: ngā rongoā e āwhina ana i ngā whare hua kia tuku hua (pērā i te letrozole, i te clomifene rānei), ā, i ētahi wā ko te IVF, he pokanga iti rānei. Mā te rata mate wahine (gynaecologist), mā te tohunga whakawhānau (fertility specialist) rānei koe e ārahi.
• Te whakaora ā-kōrero (talking therapy) me te tautoko mō te ngākau pōuri, te māharahara, ngā āwangawanga mō te kai rānei.

Ko tēhea rongoā, ā, e hia te nui, mā tō rata tērā e whakatau. Ko ētahi rongoā PCOS kāore i te haumaru i te hapūtanga, nō reira kōrero ki tō rata mēnā e whai ana koe kia hapū, e hapū ana pea rānei. Kia tūpato ki ngā kai, ngā tī me ngā pire tāpiri "PCOS cure" e hokona ana ā-ipurangi: pātai ki tētahi rata, kēmihi (pharmacist) rānei i mua i te whakamātau.