Whakamātautau lipid profile: ngā taumata cholesterol tika, HDL, LDL me te triglycerides

Ko tō lipid profile he whakaahua o ngā ngako i tō toto, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā tirohanga mārama rawa ki te tūraru o te manawa. Anei me pēhea te pānui i ia rārangi.

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Whakautu poto

He aha ngā taumata cholesterol tika i te lipid profile?

Mō te nuinga o ngā pakeke, ko ngā taumata pai: cholesterol katoa iti iho i te 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (te mea "kino") iti iho i te 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L), HDL cholesterol (te mea "pai") 40 mg/dL neke atu rānei mō ngā tāne, 50 neke atu rānei mō ngā wāhine, ā, triglycerides iti iho i te 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L). Ko te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate huka, e te mate manawa rānei, i te nuinga o te wā ka hoatu he whāinga LDL iti ake.

Whakamāramatia taku pūrongoPātai mō taku hua

He mōhiohio hauora, ehara i te tohutohu hauora. E mōhio ana tō rata ki tō āhua katoa; pātai ki a ia mō tō hua.

Tūtohi awhe

Tūtohi taumata tika lipid profile

Ngā taumata pai mō ngā pakeke, mai i ngā paepae NCEP ATP III e tāngia tonutia ana e te nuinga o ngā taiwhanga. He whāinga LDL iti ake mēnā kei a koe kē te mate manawa, te mate huka rānei.

WhakamātautauTaumata pai (mg/dL)Taumata pai (mmol/L)Te tikanga
Cholesterol katoa (total cholesterol)Iti iho i te 200Iti iho i te 5.2Te cholesterol katoa i tō toto, te pai me te kino tahi.
LDL cholesterolIti iho i te 100Iti iho i te 2.6Te cholesterol "kino" e putu ana ki ngā pakitara o ngā iaia toto. Ka iti ake, ka pai ake.
HDL cholesterol40+ tāne, 50+ wāhine1.0+ tāne, 1.3+ wāhineTe cholesterol "pai" e kawe ana i te taikaha ki te ate. Ko te 60 neke atu he whakamaru.
TriglyceridesIti iho i te 150Iti iho i te 1.7Ngā ngako mai i te kai me te waipiro ka putua hei pūngao. Ka piki i te huka, i te waipiro, i te taumaha.
Non-HDL cholesterolIti iho i te 130Iti iho i te 3.4Te katoa tango te HDL: te cholesterol katoa ka taea te whakapuru i ngā iaia toto.
VLDL cholesterol2 ki te 300.1 ki te 0.8E kawe ana i ngā triglycerides. I te nuinga o te wā ka tātaihia hei triglycerides ÷ 5.

He rerekē paku ngā taumata ka tāngia e ia taiwhanga, ā, he maha ngā pūrongo Īnia ka tohu hoki i te VLDL me te ōwehenga katoa-ki-te-HDL. He paepae motuhake, iti ake hoki, mō ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi.

Tātaihia tō non-HDL, tō ōwehenga me tō LDL

Whakaurua ngā tau e toru mai i tō lipid profile. Ka tātaihia ngā uara e tino tirohia ana e ngā rata, mā ngā tātai ōrite e whakamahia ana e ngā taiwhanga.

Cholesterol non-HDL
165 mg/dLTeitei
Ōwehenga katoa ki te HDL
4.7Tata-teitei
LDL (he whakatau tata)
133 mg/dLTata-teitei
VLDL (he whakatau tata)
32 mg/dLTeitei

Ko te LDL me te VLDL i konei he mea tātai (Friedewald formula), ehara i te mea inea. He paepae ēnei mō ngā pakeke kāore he mate manawa, mate huka rānei, he iti iho ngā whāinga mō aua mate i te nuinga o te wā. Ka pānuitia e tō rata me tō tūponotanga katoa.

Ina teitei te cholesterol me te triglycerides

Te wāhi ka tīmata te taumata tata-teitei, teitei, tino teitei, hei mg/dL (mmol/L). Ka pānuitia ēnei e tō rata me tō pakeke, tō pēhanga toto, tō huka, me tō kai paipa.

WhakamātautauTata-teitei (borderline)TeiteiTino teitei
Cholesterol katoa200 ki te 239 (5.2 ki te 6.1)240+ (6.2+)I te nuinga o te wā ka aromatawaitia me te LDL
LDL cholesterol130 ki te 159 (3.4 ki te 4.0)160 ki te 189 (4.1 ki te 4.8)190+ (4.9+)
Triglycerides150 ki te 199 (1.7 ki te 2.2)200 ki te 499 (2.3 ki te 5.6)500+ (5.7+)
HDL cholesterolIti: iti iho i te 40 tāne, iti iho i te 50 wāhine

Ko te LDL 100 ki te 129 ka kīia he tata-pai rawa (near optimal). Ko te LDL 190 neke atu rānei, he maha ngā wā he mea tuku iho i te whānau (familial hypercholesterolaemia), ā, me arotake e tētahi rata.

He aha tā te lipid profile e ine ai?

Ka ine te lipid profile (ka kīia hoki ko te lipid panel, ko te whakamātautau cholesterol rānei) i ngā ngako i tō toto e hira ana mō tō manawa me ō iaia toto:

  • Cholesterol katoa (total cholesterol): te katoa i te wā kotahi
  • LDL cholesterol: te momo "kino" e putu ana ki roto i ngā pakitara o ngā iaia toto hei para (plaque)
  • HDL cholesterol: te momo "pai" e kawe ana i te cholesterol taikaha ki te ate
  • Triglycerides: ngā ngako mai i te kai me te waipiro ka putua hei pūngao
  • I te nuinga o te wā, ko te VLDL, te non-HDL cholesterol me te ōwehenga katoa-ki-te-HDL, ka tātaihia mai i ērā atu

Ehara te cholesterol i te mea kino ki a ia anō: e hiahia ana tō tinana ki a ia mō ngā pūtau me ngā taiaki. Ko te raru, ko te nui rawa o te LDL mō te wā roa rawa, ka whāiti ai ngā iaia toto, ka piki te tūponotanga o te manawa-hē (heart attack) me te ikura roro (stroke). Ka hanga puku tēnei tūraru mō ngā tau maha, koinā te take he mea nui te whakamātautau ahakoa e ora ana koe.

He aha te LDL, te HDL me te VLDL, i ngā kupu māmā?

Ko te LDL cholesterol (te mea "kino") te tau e tino mātakitakina ana e ngā rata. Ka iti ake tō LDL, ka iti ake tō tūraru, ā, mō te nuinga o te tangata kāore he taumata "iti rawa". Mēnā kei a koe kē te mate manawa, te mate huka, ētahi atu take tūraru kaha rānei, i te nuinga o te wā ka whāia e ngā rata te iti iho i te 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L), ā, ko ētahi aratohu ka tae ki te iti iho i te 55 mō te tūraru nui rawa.

Ko te HDL cholesterol (te mea "pai") ka āwhina ki te tango i te cholesterol mai i ngā iaia toto. Ko te HDL iti (iti iho i te 40 mō ngā tāne, iti iho i te 50 mō ngā wāhine) ka tāpiri ki te tūraru, ā, he maha ngā wā ka haere tahi me ngā triglycerides teitei, te taumaha nui, te kai paipa, te kore korikori rānei. Kāore anō kia kitea ka tiakina te manawa mā te whakapiki i te HDL ki ngā pire; ko ngā panonitanga noho e whakapiki ana i a ia, ka āwhina tonu.

Ko te VLDL e kawe ana i ngā triglycerides. I te nuinga o te wā ka tātaihia e ngā taiwhanga hei triglycerides wehea ki te 5 (hei mg/dL), nō reira ko te VLDL teitei, ko te tikanga nui he triglycerides teitei.

Ko te non-HDL cholesterol (te katoa tango te HDL) ka tāpiri i ia momo cholesterol ka taea te whakapuru i ngā iaia toto. He tino whai hua ina teitei ngā triglycerides, ina kāore rānei i nohopuku i te whakamātautau.

Ka puta he tohumate i te cholesterol teitei?

Tata kore rawa. Kāore te cholesterol teitei e mamae, ā, i te nuinga o te wā kāore he tohu kia tae rā anō ki te wā kua whāiti rawa tētahi iaia toto, ka puta te mamae uma, te manawa-hē, te ikura roro rānei. Koinā te take ko te whakamātautau toto anake te huarahi e mōhio ai koe.

He onge ngā tohu ka kitea, ko te nuinga i te hunga he tino teitei te cholesterol i tuku iho i te whānau: he putunga kōwhai i ngā kamo (xanthelasma), i runga rānei i ngā uaua here (tendons), me tētahi porowhita mā huri noa i te wāhanga tae o te karu i mua i te 45 tau. Ki te kite koe i ēnei, tonoa ki tō rata he lipid profile.

He aha te tikanga pea o te cholesterol me te triglycerides teitei?

Ko te LDL, te cholesterol katoa teitei rānei, i te nuinga o te wā ka ahu mai i te whakaranu o ngā ira me te āhua noho: he kai nui te ngako saturated me te trans fat, he taumaha nui, he iti rawa te korikori, he kai paipa. Ka piki hoki nā te repe tenga māngere, nā te mate whatukuhu, nā ētahi rongoā, nā te hapūtanga. Ko te LDL 190 mg/dL neke atu rānei, ina koa he hītori ā-whānau o te manawa-hē tōmua, ka tohu pea ki te familial hypercholesterolaemia, he mate tuku iho me maimoa, ā, me tirotiro hoki ngā whanaunga tata.

Ko ngā triglycerides teitei, i te nuinga o te wā ka haere tahi me te taumaha nui, te mate huka momo tuarua (type 2 diabetes), te huka toto teitei rānei, te inu waipiro auau, ngā inu huka me ngā māmaoa kua tukatukahia, te repe tenga māngere, te mate whatukuhu rānei. Ko ngā triglycerides tino teitei, 500 mg/dL neke atu rānei, ka piki te tūraru o te pancreatitis, he mumura mamae o te pancreas, ā, me tere maimoa.

Kāore ngā rata e aromatawai i te cholesterol anake. Ka honoa ki tō pakeke, tō pēhanga toto, tō huka toto, tō kai paipa me tō hītori ā-whānau hei matapae i tō tūraru mō ngā tau 10, ā, mai i tērā ka whakatau i te maimoatanga.

Me nohopuku koe i mua i te whakamātautau lipid profile?

  • He tauira toto iti mai i tētahi uaua toto, i ētahi wā he werohanga matimati.
  • Te nohopuku: ināianei ka whakaae te maha o ngā aratohu ki te whakamātautau kāore i nohopuku mō ngā arowhai auau. Tērā pea ka tono tonu tō rata, te taiwhanga rānei kia nohopuku koe mō te 9 ki te 12 hāora (he pai te wai), ina koa mēnā i teitei ō triglycerides i mua, ka mahia rānei ētahi atu whakamātautau nohopuku i te wā kotahi.
  • Karo i te waipiro mō te 24 hāora, me tētahi kai taumaha, kai ngako nui rawa i te pō i mua.
  • Kainga ō rongoā noa, ki te kore koe e kīia kia kaua, ā, kōrero ki te taiwhanga mō ērā.
  • Mā tētahi māuiui hou nei, tētahi poka, tētahi panonitanga nui o te taumaha rānei ka nekehia ngā hua mō ētahi wiki.

E hia te auau me tirotiro tō cholesterol?

  • Ngā pakeke ora: ia 4 ki te 6 tau mai i te 20 tau pea, kia auau ake mēnā he take tūraru.
  • Te mate huka, te pēhanga toto teitei, te kai paipa, he hītori ā-whānau o te mate manawa tōmua, he taumaha nui rānei: i te nuinga o te wā ia tau, pērā rānei i tā tō rata e tohutohu ai.
  • Ngā tamariki: kotahi i waenga i te 9 me te 11, ā, kotahi anō i waenga i te 17 me te 21, i mua atu mēnā he tuku iho te cholesterol teitei i te whānau.
  • I muri i te tīmatanga, i te panonitanga rānei o te rongoā cholesterol: 4 ki te 12 wiki pea i muri mai, kātahi ia 3 ki te 12 marama.

He aha ka āwhina mēnā he teitei tō cholesterol?

  • Kainga te nui ake o te muka rewa (soluble fibre): ka āwhina ngā ōti, te pāre, ngā pīni, ngā lentils, ngā āporo me te psyllium ki te whakaheke i te LDL.
  • Whakawhitia ngā ngako saturated ki ngā ngako unsaturated: kia iti iho te pata, te ghee, te mīti whero ngako, ngā kai miraka ngako katoa; kia nui ake te hinu ōriwa, te hinu mustard, te hinu pīnati, ngā nati, ngā kākano me te ika.
  • Whakaitihia ngā trans fats me ngā warowaihā kua tukatukahia: ka whakapiki ngā paramanawa parai, ngā kai tunu, ngā rare, te parāoa mā me ngā inu huka i te LDL me ngā triglycerides.
  • Korikori i te nuinga o ngā rā: mā te 150 meneti pea i te wiki o te korikori tere ka heke ngā triglycerides, ka piki te HDL.
  • Whakahekea paku tō taumaha mēnā he taumaha nui koe, whakamutua te kai paipa, ā, whakaitihia te waipiro, e whakapiki ana i ngā triglycerides.
  • Mā tō rata e whakatau ngā rongoā cholesterol. Ka ārai ngā statins me ētahi atu rongoā i te manawa-hē me te ikura roro mō te tokomaha. Kaua rawa e tīmata, e whakamutu, e whakarerekē rānei i a rātou māu anō, ā, kōrero ki tō rata mō te mamae uaua, mō ētahi atu pānga kino (side effects) rānei.

Āhea kite ai i te rata

Whakaritea he toronga

  • Kua 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) neke atu rānei tō LDL, kua 300 neke atu rānei tō cholesterol katoa: kite i tētahi rata whānui (GP) i roto i te 2 wiki, ā, pātai mēnā me whakamātautau ō whanaunga tata.
  • Kua 500 mg/dL (5.7 mmol/L) neke atu rānei ō triglycerides: kite i tētahi rata i roto i te wiki kotahi, nā te mea ka piki te tūraru o te pancreatitis.
  • He teitei tō cholesterol, ā, he mate huka, he pēhanga toto teitei, he mate manawa rānei tōu, e kai paipa ana rānei koe: kite i tētahi rata whānui (GP), i tētahi mātanga manawa (cardiologist) rānei i roto i te 2 ki te 4 wiki hei whakarite i te maimoatanga.
  • He tata-teitei ō hua, ā, kāore ōu take tūraru kē atu: kōrerotia ki tō rata i tētahi toronga auau i roto i te 1 ki te 3 marama e tū mai nei.

Tikina he āwhina ohotata ināianei (waea atu ki te nama ohotata o tō rohe) mēnā kei tētahi tangata:

  • he mamae uma, he pēhanga rānei i te uma, ina koa e horapa ana ki te ringa, ki te kakī, ki te kauae, ki te tuarā rānei, me te werawera, te mate ruaki, te poto o te manawa rānei
  • he taka ohorere o te kanohi, he ngoikore o te ringa, o te waewae rānei, he uaua rānei ki te kōrero (he tohu ikura roro)
  • he mamae kino i te puku o runga e horapa ana ki te tuarā, me te ruaki, ina koa ina tino teitei ngā triglycerides

Ko te tau cholesterol anake, ehara rawa i te ohotata. Ko ēnei tohu, he ohotata.

Kei a koe tō lipid profile? Kia mārama ki ia rārangi.

Ka pānui a Saluvo i tō pūrongo katoa i roto i ngā kupu māmā, i tō reo ake: te katoa, te LDL, te HDL, te VLDL, ngā triglycerides me ngā ōwehenga, ko ēhea uara kei waho o te taumata, ā, he aha hei pātai māu ki tō rata.

Whakamāramatia taku pūrongo

Kore utu te tīmata. Tāpirihia he whakaahua, he PDF rānei o tō pūrongo; ka pānuitia ia uara e ngā tauira AI e rua.

Ngā pātai a te iwi

  • Ko te lipid profile he whakamātautau toto e ine ana i te cholesterol katoa, te LDL cholesterol (te mea "kino"), te HDL cholesterol (te mea "pai") me ngā triglycerides, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ko te VLDL, te non-HDL cholesterol me te ōwehenga katoa-ki-te-HDL hoki. Ka whakaatu i te nui o te ngako i tō toto, ā, ka āwhina i tō rata ki te matapae i tō tūraru o te manawa-hē me te ikura roro.

  • Mō te nuinga o ngā pakeke, ko te cholesterol katoa pai he iti iho i te 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L), te LDL iti iho i te 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L), te HDL 40 neke atu rānei mō ngā tāne, 50 neke atu rānei mō ngā wāhine, ā, ngā triglycerides iti iho i te 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L). Ko te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate huka, e te mate manawa rānei, i te nuinga o te wā he whāinga LDL iti ake tō rātou.

  • Ka kawe te LDL i te cholesterol ki roto i ngā pakitara o ngā iaia toto, ka putu pea hei para (plaque), nō reira ka kīia ko te cholesterol "kino", ā, ka iti ake, ka pai ake. Ka kawe te HDL i te cholesterol taikaha i ngā iaia toto ki te ate, nō reira ka kīia ko te cholesterol "pai". Ko te LDL teitei me te HDL iti tahi ka tino piki te tūraru o te manawa.

  • Ko te LDL teitei, ko te tikanga he nui ake te cholesterol ka taea te putu ki ō iaia toto, ka piki te tūraru wā roa o te manawa-hē me te ikura roro. Ko te 130 ki te 159 mg/dL he tata-teitei, ko te 160 ki te 189 he teitei, ā, ko te 190 neke atu he tino teitei. Ka whakaarohia e tō rata me tō pēhanga toto, tō huka, tō kai paipa me tō hītori ā-whānau.

  • Ko te HDL iti iho i te 40 mg/dL mō ngā tāne, iti iho i te 50 rānei mō ngā wāhine, he iti, ā, ka tāpiri ki te tūraru o te manawa. He maha ngā wā ka haere tahi me ngā triglycerides teitei, te taumaha nui, te kai paipa, te iti rawa o te korikori, te mate huka momo 2 rānei. Mā te korikori auau, te heke o te taumaha taikaha, te whakamutu i te kai paipa, me te whakakapi i ngā warowaihā kua tukatukahia ki ngā ngako hauora, ka piki pea.

  • Ka kawe te VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) i ngā triglycerides i te toto. Ka tātaihia e te nuinga o ngā taiwhanga hei triglycerides wehea ki te 5 (hei mg/dL), ā, ko te taumata noa he 2 ki te 30 mg/dL pea. Ko te VLDL teitei, i te nuinga o te wā he triglycerides teitei, ka pai te urupare ki te iti iho o te huka me te waipiro, te nui ake o te korikori me te heke o te taumaha.

  • I te nuinga o te wā kāore he tohumate o te cholesterol teitei. Ka āta whāiti puku i ngā iaia toto kia puta rā anō te mamae uma, te manawa-hē, te ikura roro rānei. He onge, ko te cholesterol tino teitei i tuku iho i te whānau ka puta he putunga kōwhai i ngā kamo, i ngā uaua here (tendons) rānei, he porowhita mā rānei huri noa i te iris i mua i te 45 tau. Ko te whakamātautau toto anake te huarahi pono e mōhio ai koe.

  • Kāore i ngā wā katoa. Ka whakaae te maha o ngā aratohu ki te whakamātautau kāore i nohopuku mō ngā arowhai auau. Tērā pea ka tono tonu tō rata, te taiwhanga rānei kia nohopuku koe mō te 9 ki te 12 hāora, ko te wai anake hei inu, ina koa mēnā i teitei ō triglycerides i mua. Ahakoa he aha, karo i te waipiro mō te 24 hāora me tētahi kai tino taumaha i te pō i mua.

  • Ko ngā triglycerides 500 mg/dL (5.7 mmol/L) neke atu rānei he tino teitei, ā, ka piki te tūraru o te pancreatitis, he mumura mamae, he taumaha i ētahi wā; kite i tētahi rata i roto i te wiki kotahi. Ki runga ake i te 1,000 mg/dL, ka teitei ake anō te tūraru. Tikina he āwhina ohotata mō te mamae kino i te puku o runga e horapa ana ki te tuarā me te ruaki.

  • Ko te ōwehenga cholesterol katoa-ki-te-HDL, ko tō cholesterol katoa wehea ki tō HDL. Ko te iti iho i te 5 he pai i te nuinga, ā, ko te iti iho i te 3.5 te mea pai rawa. Ko te ōwehenga iti ake, ko te tikanga he nui ake o tō cholesterol te momo whakamaru. Ināianei ka nui ake te titiro a ngā rata ki te LDL me te non-HDL cholesterol i te ōwehenga, engari he maha ngā pūrongo e tā tonu ana.

  • Kainga te nui ake o te muka rewa (ōti, pīni, lentils, hua rākau), whakawhitia te pata, te ghee me te mīti ngako ki ngā hinu huawhenua, ngā nati me te ika, whakaitihia ngā kai parai, ngā rare me ngā inu huka, korikori kia 150 meneti pea i te wiki, whakahekea te taumaha taikaha, whakamutua te kai paipa, whakaitihia te waipiro. Ka tino heke pea te LDL i ēnei, engari he hunga tonu e hiahia ana ki tētahi rongoā ka tuhia e tō rātou rata.

  • Āe. Ka taea e te kai, te taumaha me te kore korikori te whakapiki i ia reanga, ā, ka puta i te familial hypercholesterolaemia he LDL tino teitei mai i te tamarikitanga. Koinā te take ka tirohia ngā tamariki kotahi i waenga i te 9 me te 11, ā, i mua atu mēnā he tino teitei te cholesterol o tētahi mātua, kua pāngia rānei e te manawa-hē i a ia e taiohi ana. Ka nui te rerekētanga ina kitea wawetia.

  • Me tirotiro ngā pakeke ora ia 4 ki te 6 tau mai i te 20 tau pea. Ki te mate huka, te pēhanga toto teitei, te kai paipa, te taumaha taikaha, he hītori ā-whānau rānei o te mate manawa tōmua, i te nuinga o te wā ia tau. I muri i te tīmatanga, i te panonitanga rānei o te rongoā cholesterol, 4 ki te 12 wiki pea i muri mai, kātahi ia 3 ki te 12 marama.

Ētahi atu whakamātautau

Rangitaki

Ngā mātāpuna

  1. MedlinePlus: Cholesterol levels
  2. NHLBI (NIH): Blood cholesterol
  3. CDC: About cholesterol
  4. American Heart Association: What your cholesterol levels mean
  5. NHS: High cholesterol
  6. Grundy SM et al. 2018 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. Circulation 2019
  7. Mach F et al. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 2020

I whakahoutia . He mōhiohio hauora, ehara i te tohutohu hauora. E mōhio ana tō rata ki tō āhua katoa; pātai ki a ia mō tō hua.