Whakamātautau ferritin: ngā taumata noa, te ferritin iti me te teitei, me te tikanga o tō hua

He pūmua (protein) te ferritin e pupuri ana i te rino (iron) i roto i ō pūtau, ko te nuinga kei te ate, te spleen me te hinu kōiwi (bone marrow). Ka turuturu tētahi wāhanga iti ki te toto, ā, koinā te mea ka inea e te whakamātautau. Ko te nui ake o te ferritin, ko te nui ake o te rino kei a koe i te pātaka.

Ko te rino tonu tā tō tinana e whakamahi ai hei hanga haemoglobin, te wāhanga o ngā pūtau toto whero e kawe ana i te hāora (oxygen). Ina kāore koe e whiwhi rino kia rawaka, ina nui ake rānei te ngaro i te mea ka whiwhi koe, ka tangohia tuatahitia e te tinana mai i ōna toenga. Ka heke te ferritin i mua noa atu i te heke o te haemoglobin, koia i noho ai hei tohu tōmua rawa o te iti haere.

Nō reira ehara te ferritin i te rino tonu. Whakaarohia ko te serum iron te moni kei tō pūkoro moni, ko te ferritin tō pūtea penapena.

Ko te ferritin iti, tata ki ia wā ko te korenga rino (iron deficiency): kei te heke, kua kore rānei ō toenga. He tino noa, inarā i:

• ngā wāhine he mate wahine nui, roa rānei, ā, i te hapūtanga
• te hunga he iti, kāore rānei e kai mīti, ika, kai kua tāpiritia he rino rānei
• ngā kaituku toto auau me ngā kaiwhakataetae manawaroa
• ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi e tere tupu ana
• te hunga he coeliac disease, he mate whēkau mumura, kua pokaia rānei hei whakaheke taumaha, kāore e pai te ngongo i te rino
• te tangata e ngaro pōturi ana te toto mai i te whēkau, nā tētahi whewhe (ulcer), nā ngā polyp, he onge, nā tētahi mate pukupuku rānei

Ko ngā tohu noa ko te ngenge, te hēmanawa i te arawhata, te kiri kōmā, te makere o ngā makawe, ngā matikuku whatiwhati, te ānini, ngā waewae ōkeoke (restless legs) me te hiahia nui ki te kai hukapapa. Ka puta pea ēnei me te ferritin iti ahakoa he noa tonu tō haemoglobin: ko te korenga rino kāore he anaemia tēnei.

He ōrite te hira o te kimi i te take ki te maimoa. Ko te rino iti i tētahi tāne, i tētahi wahine rānei kua mutu tōna mate wahine (menopause), me tirotiro mō te rere toto mai i te whēkau.

Ko te ferritin teitei, i te nuinga o te wā ehara i te rino nui rawa. Ka piki te ferritin hei wāhanga o te urupare a te tinana ki te ahotea me te mumura, nō reira ko ngā take noa ko:

• te mumura, te pokenga rānei, mai i te rewharewha ki te kaiponapona (arthritis)
• te ate ngako (fatty liver), te taumaha rawa, te mate huka momo 2 rānei
• te inu waipiro auau
• te mate ate, te mate whatukuhu mau tonu rānei

Kāore i te pērā te auau, ka whakaata i te rino nui rawa (iron overload): ko te haemochromatosis (he mate tuku iho e nui rawa ai te ngongo rino), ko ngā whakawhitinga toto (transfusions) maha, ko te kai rānei i ngā pire rino kāore koe i hiahia. I konei, he teitei anō te transferrin saturation i te nuinga, neke atu i te 45%.

Ko ngā taumata tino teitei, neke atu i te 1,000 ng/mL, me tere arotake, nā te mea ka haere tahi pea me te tūkino ate, ētahi mate pukupuku, ētahi mate mumura onge rānei.

I te mea ka whakapiki te mumura i te ferritin, ko te tangata he rino iti me tētahi mate mumura (rheumatoid arthritis, mate whatukuhu, he pokenga hou, he manawa ngoikore), ka āhua noa pea tōna ferritin.

Koia i tirotiro ai ngā rata i te CRP me te transferrin saturation i taua wā anō. Ina he mumura, ka tūtohu te WHO kia kīia ko te ferritin raro iho i te 70 µg/L he korenga rino pea, ā, he maha ngā mātanga ka whakamahi i ngā tepe teitei ake anō i te mate whatukuhu, i te mate manawa rānei.

• He tauira toto iti mai i tētahi ia toto (vein). Kāore te ferritin anake e hiahia kia nohopuku.
• Mēnā kua tonoa e tō rata he iron panel katoa (serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation), he pai ake i te nuinga he tauira o te ata, i ētahi wā i muri i te nohopuku i te pō, nā te mea ka panoni te serum iron i te roanga o te rā.
• Mēnā kei te kai koe i ngā pire rino, pātai mēnā me waiho mō te rā kotahi i mua i te whakamātautau, nā te mea ka whakapiki i te serum iron mō ētahi hāora.
• Ko te whakamātautau i te wā o tētahi pokenga, i muri tata mai rānei, ka whakapiki pea i te ferritin; ka whakamātautau anō pea tō rata ā muri ake.
• Ka hoki mai ngā hua i taua rā anō, i te rā e whai ake nei rānei.

• Kimihia te take i te tuatahi. Ka pātai tō rata mō te mate wahine, te kai, te nakunaku me te rere toto, ā, ka tirotiro pea mō te coeliac disease, mō te toto i te tūtae rānei.
• Ka āwhina ngā kai rino ki te pupuri i ngā toenga: te mīti whero, te heihei, te ika me ngā hua manu (he rino e māmā ana te ngongo), me ngā lentil, ngā pīni, ngā chickpea, te tofu, ngā huawhenua rau kākāriki, ngā nati, ngā kākano me ngā kai pata parakuihi kua tāpiritia he rino.
• Kainga tahitia te rino tipu me te vitamin C (ngā hua citrus, ngā tōmato, ngā capsicum, te amla) hei āwhina i te ngongotanga.
• Kia mataratara te tī me te kawhe i ngā kai mā te hāora kotahi, e rua rānei; ka ārai rāua i te ngongo rino. Pērā anō ngā pire konupūmā (calcium).
• Mā tō rata e whakatau ngā pire rino, ngā whāngai rino mā te ia toto (infusions) rānei. Kaua e tīmata i ngā pire rino ki te kore he whakamātautau: he kino te rino nui rawa, ā, ka huna pea i tētahi take me kimi. Kia tawhiti i ngā tamariki, nā te mea he mōrearea te inenga nui rawa (overdose).
• Hōmai he wā. Mā te maimoatanga, ka pai ake te haemoglobin i roto i ētahi wiki i te nuinga, engari ko te whakakī anō i ngā toenga ferritin, e toru marama pea. Ka whakamātautau anō tō rata.