Whakamātautau toto CBC: ōna taumata tika me te tikanga o tō tatauranga toto

Ko te CBC (complete blood count) te whakamātautau toto e kaha mahia ana. Anei me pēhea te pānui i ia rārangi: ngā pūtau whero, ngā pūtau mā me ngā platelets.

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Whakautu poto

He aha te whakamātautau toto CBC?

Ko te CBC te complete blood count, arā, te tatauranga toto katoa. Ka ine i ō pūtau toto whero me te haemoglobin (e kawe ana i te hāora), ō pūtau toto mā (e whawhai ana i ngā pokenga) me ō platelets (e āwhina ana kia kōpaka te toto). Mō te pakeke, ko ngā taumata tika: haemoglobin 13.5 ki te 17.5 g/dL mō ngā tāne, 12.0 ki te 15.5 mō ngā wāhine; pūtau mā 4,000 ki te 11,000 ia µL; platelets 150,000 ki te 450,000 ia µL.

Whakamāramatia taku pūrongoPātai mō taku hua

He mōhiohio hauora, ehara i te tohutohu hauora. E mōhio ana tō rata ki tō āhua katoa; pātai ki a ia mō tō hua.

Tūtohi awhe

Tūtohi taumata tika CBC

Ngā taumata mō te pakeke. He rerekē paku i ia taiwhanga, i te pakeke, i te teitei o te whenua e noho ana koe, nō reira whakatairitea ki te taumata tohutoro (reference range) kei tō ake pūrongo.

WhakamātautauTaumata mō te pakekeWaeineKa ine i te aha
Haemoglobin (Hb)Tāne 13.5 ki te 17.5, wāhine 12.0 ki te 15.5g/dLTe pūmua kawe hāora i roto i ngā pūtau whero. Ki te iti, he anaemia.
Pūtau toto whero (RBC)Tāne 4.5 ki te 5.9, wāhine 4.1 ki te 5.1million/µLTe maha o ō pūtau whero.
Haematocrit (PCV / HCT)Tāne 41 ki te 50, wāhine 36 ki te 44%Te wāhanga o tō toto he pūtau whero.
MCV80 ki te 100fLTe rahi toharite o ngā pūtau whero. He iti ina korekore te rino, he nui ina iti te B12, te folate rānei.
MCH27 ki te 33pgTe haemoglobin kei roto i ia pūtau whero.
RDW11.5 ki te 14.5%Te rerekē o te rahi o ngā pūtau whero. Ka teitei i te tīmatanga o te korenga rino, B12 rānei.
Pūtau toto mā (WBC / TLC)4,000 ki te 11,000ia µLŌ pūtau whawhai pokenga. Ka tuhia hoki hei 4.0 ki te 11.0 × 10⁹/L.
Platelets150,000 ki te 450,000ia µLHe pūtau paku e āwhina ana kia kōpaka te toto. Ka tuhia hoki hei 150 ki te 450 × 10⁹/L.

He taumata motuhake mō ngā tamariki, mō te wā hapū, mō te hunga e noho ana ki ngā whenua teitei. Tērā pea ka kitea hoki te MCHC (32 ki te 36 g/dL te nuinga) me te MPV i tō pūrongo.

Te differential (DLC): ō momo pūtau mā e rima

I te nuinga o ngā pūrongo, ka wehea te tatauranga pūtau mā ki ēnei momo e rima, hei ōrau o ngā pūtau mā katoa. Ko ēnei ngā ōrau mō te pakeke.

PūtauŌrau noaKa teitei pea i te
Neutrophils40% ki te 75%Ngā pokenga huakita, te mumura, te ahotea, ngā rongoā steroid
Lymphocytes20% ki te 40%Ngā pokenga wheori, te whakaora mai i te māuiui
Monocytes2% ki te 10%Te whakaora mai i te pokenga, te mumura wā roa
Eosinophils1% ki te 6%Ngā mate pāwera (allergies), te huangō (asthma), te eczema, ngā pokenga noke
Basophils0% ki te 1%He onge; ngā mate pāwera, i ētahi wā he mate toto

He nui ake te hiranga o ngā tatauranga tūturu i ngā ōrau: ki te iti iho te absolute neutrophil count (ANC) i te 1,500 ia µL, he iti tēnā, ā, ki te iti iho i te 500 ia µL, he nui te tūraru o tētahi pokenga kino.

He aha tā te CBC e ine ai?

Ko te CBC te poto mō te complete blood count (tatauranga toto katoa). Ka kite pea koe i ētahi atu ingoa: CBP (complete blood picture), full blood count (FBC), haemogram rānei. Kotahi noa te tauira toto, ā, ka tatau, ka ine i ngā momo pūtau e toru kei tō toto:

  • Ngā pūtau toto whero, e kawe ana i te hāora mā te haemoglobin. Kei te pūrongo te haemoglobin, te tatauranga pūtau whero, te haematocrit (PCV) me ngā tohu pūtau whero (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW).
  • Ngā pūtau toto mā, e whawhai ana i ngā pokenga. Te tatauranga katoa (WBC, TLC rānei) me te differential (DLC), e wehe ana i a rātou ki ngā momo e rima.
  • Ngā platelets, e āwhina ana kia kōpaka te toto.

Ka tonoa e te rata i ngā arowhai auau, ina ngenge koe, he kirika, he pokenga, he maru, he rere toto rānei, i mua i te poka, ā, hei aroturuki i ngā mate, i ngā rongoā rānei e pā ana ki te toto. Ka tāpirihia e ētahi pūrongo te ESR. Ehara tērā i te wāhanga o te CBC, engari he maha ngā wā ka mahia tahitia.

He aha te tikanga o te haemoglobin iti, o te anaemia hoki?

Ki te iti te haemoglobin, he anaemia tēnā. Ko ngā paepae a te WHO: iti iho i te 13 g/dL mō ngā tāne, iti iho i te 12 mō ngā wāhine, ā, i te wā hapū, iti iho i te 11 i te toru marama tuatahi me te toru marama tuatoru, iti iho i te 10.5 i te toru marama tuarua, i te mea ka waimeha ake te toto i taua wā. Nā te anaemia pea koe e ngenge ai, e poto ai te manawa, e tere ai te patō o te manawa, e koma ai te kiri, e āmiomio ai, e ānini ai te māhunga.

Ka tohu te MCV (te rahi o ngā pūtau whero) ki te take:

  • He iti ngā pūtau whero (MCV iti): i te nuinga o te wā, he korenga rino (iron deficiency), nā te heke toto taumaha o te mate marama, nā te hapūtanga, nā te kai iti te rino, nā te rere toto pōturi mai i te puku rānei. Ka iti hoki ngā pūtau i te thalassaemia trait, he mea kitea whānuitia i Āhia ki te Tonga, i te Mediterranean me te Middle East. He maha ngā wā he tika, he teitei rānei te tatauranga pūtau whero i tēnei.
  • He nui ngā pūtau whero (MCV teitei): he iti te huaora B12, te folate rānei, he inu waipiro auau, he repe tenga māngere, he mate ate, ētahi rongoā rānei.
  • He rahi tika ngā pūtau: he māuiui wā roa, he mate whatukuhu, he rere toto hou nei, he whakaranu take rānei.

Ko te haemoglobin, te haematocrit teitei rānei, i te nuinga o te wā nā te korenga wai i te tinana (dehydration), nā te kai paipa, nā te noho rānei ki whenua teitei. He onge ake nā te mate pūkahukahu, mate manawa rānei, nā tētahi mate hinu wheua rānei (polycythaemia).

He aha tā ngā pūtau mā e whakaatu ai mō te pokenga?

Ki te teitei te tatauranga pūtau mā (neke atu i te 11,000 ia µL), i te nuinga o te wā kei te whawhai te tinana i tētahi mea: he pokenga huakita (bacterial infection, he teitei ngā neutrophils i te nuinga o te wā), he mumura (inflammation), he whara, he poka rānei, he ahotea, he rongoā steroid rānei. Ka piki paku hoki i te wā hapū, i te hunga kai paipa. Ki te tino teitei, ki te kitea rānei ngā pūtau kāore anō kia pakari (blasts) i te pūrongo, me tere arotakehia, nā te mea he onge, engari tērā pea he mate pukupuku toto pērā i te leukaemia.

Ki te iti te tatauranga pūtau mā (iti iho i te 4,000 ia µL), he mea noa mō te wā poto i ngā pokenga wheori (viral infections). Ka puta hoki nā ētahi rongoā (tae atu ki te haumanu matū (chemotherapy) me ētahi patuero (antibiotics), rongoā repe tenga, rongoā hinengaro), nā te iti o te B12, te folate rānei, nā ngā mate autoimmune, ā, he onge, nā ngā raruraru hinu wheua. Ki te iti te tatauranga neutrophil, ka piki te tūraru o te pokenga; ki te kirika anō hoki, tērā pea he ohotata.

Ki te teitei ngā eosinophils, i te nuinga o te wā he mate pāwera (allergy), he huangō (asthma), he eczema, he pokenga noke rānei, he mea kitea whānuitia i ngā whenua maha.

He aha te tikanga o te tatauranga platelet, tae atu ki te dengue?

Ki te iti ngā platelets (thrombocytopenia), iti iho i te 150,000 ia µL, he mea noa i ngā kirika wheori, ina koa te dengue. Ka puta hoki nā ētahi rongoā, nā te inu waipiro taumaha, nā te mate ate, nā te spleen kua pupuhi, nā te hapūtanga, nā ngā mate ārai mate (ITP) rānei. Ki te pūkei ngā platelets i te taiwhanga, ka iti teka te tatauranga, nō reira ka mahia anō te whakamātautau ina ohorere te hua.

I te dengue, he maha ngā wā ka tino heke ngā platelets i te rā 3 ki te 7 o te kirika, i te wā e mauru ana te kirika. Koinei te wā mōrearea, ā, ka āta mātaki ngā rata mō ngā tohu whakatūpato: he mamae kino o te puku, he ruaki auau, he toto i ngā kikō niho, i te ihu rānei, he toto i te ruaki, i te tūtae rānei, he kore e tau, he hiamoe rerekē rānei. Ehara i te tau anake e whakatau ana i te maimoatanga; he nui ake te hiranga o tō āhua. Kaua e kai aspirin, ibuprofen rānei mō tētahi kirika tērā pea he dengue; pātai ki te rata, ki te kai rongoā (pharmacist) rānei he aha te mea haumaru.

Ki te teitei ngā platelets (thrombocytosis), neke atu i te 450,000 ia µL, i te nuinga o te wā ka whai muri i te korenga rino, i te pokenga, te mumura rānei, i te poka, i te tangohanga o te spleen rānei. He onge, nā tētahi mate hinu wheua, ā, ka rapua tērā e te rata mēnā ka noho teitei tonu te tatauranga.

Me pēhea te whiwhi i te whakamātautau CBC?

  • He tauira toto iti mai i tētahi uaua toto (he werohanga rekereke, matimati rānei mō ngā pēpi). Kāore he take kia nohopuku mō te CBC, engari mēnā ka hiahiatia e ētahi atu whakamātautau i taua toronga anō.
  • I te nuinga o te wā ka hoki mai ngā hua i taua rā anō, i roto i ētahi hāora.
  • Inu pērā i tāu e mahi ai i ia rā: mā te korenga wai i te tinana ka teitei ake te āhua o te haemoglobin me te haematocrit.
  • Kōrero ki te taiwhanga mō tētahi māuiui hou nei, mō te hapūtanga, mō ngā rongoā e kai ana koe, nā te mea ka nekehia e ērā ngā tatauranga.
  • Ki te hē tētahi mea, he maha ngā wā ka tirohia e te rata he peripheral smear (ngā pūtau i raro i te karu whakarahi), ka mahia anō rānei te whakamātautau.

Me aha mēnā kei waho o te taumata tētahi mea i tō CBC?

  • Tirohia te katoa. Kotahi te uara kei waho paku o te taumata, he tika ngā mea katoa atu, kāore he tohumate: he mea noa tēnā, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore he tikanga.
  • Mahia anō i muri i te māuiui. Ka nekehia e te rewharewha me ētahi atu pokenga ngā pūtau mā me ngā platelets mō ētahi wiki e rua.
  • Me kitea te take o te anaemia, kaua ko te maimoa anake: ko ngā whakamātautau rino (ferritin), B12 me te folate ngā whakamātautau e whai ake ana i te nuinga o te wā.
  • Mā tō rata e whakatau ngā tāpiringa rino, B12, folate hoki. Ki te kai rino koe kāore he whakamātautau, tērā pea ka huna i tētahi take me kitea, ā, he kino te rino nui rawa.
  • Kainga ngā kai mō te toto ora: te rino (ngā lentils, ngā pīni, ngā huawhenua rau kākāriki, te mīti, te ika, ngā hēki, ngā cereal kua tāpiria he rino) me te huaora C, me te B12 mai i ngā kai miraka, ngā hēki, te ika, ngā kai whakakaha rānei mēnā he vegetarian, he vegan rānei koe.

Āhea kite ai i te rata

Whakaritea he toronga

  • Kei raro tō haemoglobin i te 10 g/dL, he iti iho rānei i tō whakamātautau whakamutunga: kite i tētahi rata whānui (GP) i roto i te wiki kotahi kia kitea te take.
  • Kei raro tō tatauranga pūtau mā i te 3,000, kei runga rānei i te 15,000 ia µL, kāore he take mārama pērā i te rewharewha: kite i tētahi rata whānui (GP) i roto i ētahi rā.
  • Kei raro ō platelets i te 100,000 ia µL, ina koa he kirika anō: kite i tētahi rata i roto i te rā kotahi, e rua rānei.
  • He maha ngā uara hē i te wā kotahi, e kōrero ana rānei tō pūrongo mō ngā blasts, ngā pūtau rerekē rānei: kite i tētahi rata (he haematologist i te nuinga o te wā) i tēnei wiki.

Tikina he āwhina ohotata ināianei (waea atu ki te nama ohotata o tō rohe) mēnā kei tētahi tangata:

  • he rere toto kāore e mutu, he toto i te ruaki, he tūtae pango rānei, he toto rānei i ngā kikō niho, i te ihu rānei me te kirika (he tohu whakatūpato dengue pea, me te mamae kino o te puku, te ruaki auau, te hiamoe rānei)
  • he kirika 38 °C (100.4 °F) neke atu rānei i a ia e whiwhi ana i te haumanu matū (chemotherapy), e mōhiotia ana rānei he tino iti tōna tatauranga neutrophil
  • he mamae uma, he poto te manawa i te wā e okioki ana, he hemo rānei, ā, e mōhiotia ana he anaemia taumaha tōna
  • he tatauranga platelet iti iho i te 20,000 ia µL me te rere toto, ahakoa he aha

Ko te nuinga o ngā uara CBC kei waho o te taumata, ehara i te ohotata. Ko ēnei tohu, he ohotata.

Kei a koe tō pūrongo CBC? Kia mārama ki ia rārangi.

Ka pānui a Saluvo i tō pūrongo katoa i roto i ngā kupu māmā, i tō reo ake: te haemoglobin, ngā tohu pūtau whero, ngā pūtau mā, te differential me ngā platelets, ko ēhea uara kei waho o te taumata, ā, he aha hei pātai māu ki tō rata.

Whakamāramatia taku pūrongo

Kore utu te tīmata. Tāpirihia he whakaahua, he PDF rānei o tō pūrongo; ka pānuitia ia uara e ngā tauira AI e rua.

Ngā pātai a te iwi

  • Ko te CBC te complete blood count (tatauranga toto katoa). Ka kīia hoki ko te CBP (complete blood picture), ko te full blood count (FBC), ko te haemogram rānei. He whakamātautau toto e ine ana i ō pūtau toto whero me te haemoglobin, ō pūtau toto mā me ō platelets, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā whakamātautau e kaha tonoa ana e ngā rata.

  • Mō te pakeke: haemoglobin 13.5 ki te 17.5 g/dL mō ngā tāne, 12.0 ki te 15.5 mō ngā wāhine; pūtau toto mā 4,000 ki te 11,000 ia µL; platelets 150,000 ki te 450,000 ia µL; MCV 80 ki te 100 fL. He rerekē paku i ia taiwhanga, nō reira whakatairitea ō hua ki te taumata tohutoro kei tō pūrongo.

  • Ko te haemoglobin iti he anaemia: iti iho i te 13 g/dL mō ngā tāne, iti iho i te 12 mō ngā wāhine, ā, i te wā hapū, iti iho i te 11 (iti iho i te 10.5 i te toru marama tuarua), e ai ki ngā paepae a te WHO. Ko te take e kaha kitea ana ko te korenga rino; ko ētahi atu ko te iti o te B12, te folate rānei, te thalassaemia trait, te māuiui wā roa, te mate whatukuhu me te rere toto. Mā tō MCV me ngā whakamātautau rino e āwhina te kimi i te take.

  • Ko te WBC teitei (neke atu i te 11,000 ia µL pea), i te nuinga o te wā kei te whawhai tō tinana i tētahi pokenga, he huakita te nuinga, kei te urupare rānei ki te mumura, te whara, te ahotea, ngā rongoā steroid rānei. He poto noa iho te wā i te nuinga. Ki te tino teitei, ki te kitea rānei ngā pūtau kāore anō kia pakari i te pūrongo, me arotake e tētahi rata i roto i ētahi rā, nā te mea he onge, engari tērā pea he mate toto.

  • Ko te WBC iti (iti iho i te 4,000 ia µL pea) he mea noa mō te wā poto i ngā pokenga wheori. Ka puta hoki nā ētahi rongoā, nā te iti o te B12, te folate rānei, nā ngā mate autoimmune, ā, he onge, nā ngā raruraru hinu wheua. Ki te iti te tatauranga neutrophil, ka piki te tūraru o te pokenga, nō reira ki te kirika, ā, e mōhiotia ana he iti te tatauranga, me tiki he tiaki ohotata.

  • Ko te tatauranga platelet iti iho i te 150,000 ia µL ka kīia ko te thrombocytopenia. He mea noa i ngā kirika wheori, ina koa te dengue, ā, ka puta hoki nā ngā rongoā, te waipiro, te mate ate, te hapūtanga, ngā mate ārai mate rānei. Ki te iti iho i te 100,000, me kite i te rata i roto i te rā kotahi, e rua rānei; ki te iti iho i te 20,000 me te rere toto ahakoa he aha, me tiki he tiaki ohotata.

  • I te dengue, he maha ngā wā ka heke ngā platelets i te rā 3 ki te 7 o te kirika. Ka āta mātaki ngā rata ki te iti iho i te 100,000 ia µL, ā, ka tere maimoa ki te iti iho i te 20,000, ki te rere toto rānei. Engari he nui ake te hiranga o ngā tohu whakatūpato i te tau: ko te mamae kino o te puku, te ruaki auau, te toto i ngā kikō niho, i te ihu rānei, te hiamoe rānei, me tiki he tiaki ohotata ahakoa he aha te tatauranga.

  • Kāo. Kāore te CBC e hiahia ki te nohopuku, ā, ka taea e koe te kai me te inu pērā i te tikanga. Mēnā ka mahia ētahi atu whakamātautau i te wā kotahi, pērā i te fasting glucose, te lipid profile rānei, whāia ngā tohutohu nohopuku mō ērā. He pai te inu pērā i te tikanga, nā te mea mā te korenga wai i te tinana ka teitei ake te āhua o te haemoglobin.

  • Ko te MCV (mean corpuscular volume) te rahi toharite o ō pūtau toto whero, 80 ki te 100 fL te tikanga. Ko te MCV iti (pūtau iti) i te nuinga o te wā ka tohu ki te korenga rino, ki te thalassaemia trait rānei; ko te MCV teitei (pūtau nui) ka tohu ki te iti o te huaora B12, te folate rānei, ki te waipiro, ki ngā raruraru repe tenga, ate rānei. Ka āwhina ki te kimi i te take o te anaemia.

  • Ka wehea e te DLC (differential leucocyte count) ō pūtau mā ki ngā momo e rima: neutrophils (40 ki te 75%), lymphocytes (20 ki te 40%), monocytes (2 ki te 10%), eosinophils (1 ki te 6%) me basophils (0 ki te 1%). He tohu kei te tauira: ko ngā neutrophils teitei he pokenga huakita pea, ko ngā lymphocytes teitei he pokenga wheori, ko ngā eosinophils teitei he mate pāwera, he noke rānei.

  • Kāore e taea e te CBC te whakatau i te mate pukupuku, engari ka whakaatu pea i ngā tohu me tirotiro, pērā i ngā pūtau mā tino teitei, tino iti rānei, ngā pūtau kāore anō kia pakari (blasts), he maha rānei ngā tatauranga iti i te wā kotahi. Ka tohu pea ērā ki te mate pukupuku toto, ki tētahi raruraru hinu wheua rānei. Ko te anaemia kāore he take mārama, tērā pea he tohu tōmua o te mate pukupuku whēkau (bowel cancer). Ki te hē ngā hua, ka whai ake ētahi atu whakamātautau.

  • Ka tatau, ka ine te CBC i ō pūtau toto. Ko te ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) he whakamātautau motuhake e whakaatu ana i te tere o te tau o ngā pūtau whero ki raro i tētahi ngongo, he tohu whānui o te mumura. I ngā taiwhanga maha ka mahia tahitia, ka tāngia ki te pūrongo kotahi, engari he rerekē ngā pātai e whakautua ana e rāua.

  • Kāore he hōtaka pūmau mō ngā pakeke ora; he maha ngā wā he wāhanga te CBC o te arowhai ā-tau. Ka mahia auautia ake mēnā he anaemia tōu, he mate wā roa, kei te hapū koe, e kai ana rānei koe i ngā rongoā e pā ana ki te toto. I muri i te maimoatanga mō te anaemia, ka mahia anō i roto i ētahi wiki ki ētahi marama i te nuinga o te wā.

Ētahi atu whakamātautau

Rangitaki

Ngā mātāpuna

  1. MedlinePlus: Complete blood count (CBC)
  2. NHS: Blood tests
  3. NHLBI: Blood tests
  4. WHO: Anaemia fact sheet
  5. WHO: Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations (2024)
  6. WHO: Dengue and severe dengue fact sheet

I whakahoutia . He mōhiohio hauora, ehara i te tohutohu hauora. E mōhio ana tō rata ki tō āhua katoa; pātai ki a ia mō tō hua.